Saturday, December 28, 2019

Creating a Social Program for the Homeless - 2776 Words

Final Project: Creating a Social Program I have decided to create a social program that identifies the social problem of Homelessness. The new human services, social program will target helping homeless individuals and families to get off the streets. In order to have a successful program I have to come up with an outline and cover all of the basics. This program will have many different resources available to homeless or about to be homeless individuals and families. There are so many homeless people out there and her in the state of Florida there are not many places for homeless people to turn to for comfort and safety. So I am truly excited to be creating this new program that will help many people to go forward and live wonderful and successful lives, no matter what they have been through. Throughout this paper I will be discussing some of the things that are needed in order to start an organization. This paper will serve as an outline or an information source on how to create a social program as well as the social prog ram that I am creating. Basic Information and Demographics The name of the social program that I have come up with is called New Beginnings. This organization will be a community service program for the homeless population. Deciding on a place to put the organization is very important because it is best to try and target an area that is in need of the services. After some careful research the demographic area that I have chosen to place thisShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Living Without A Home972 Words   |  4 Pagesan identity crisis for the homeless, which leads to more unnecessary misery. Homeless by definition is an individual that survives without a permanent shelter. They might be provided with temporary living like homeless shelters. However, these shelters are usually full to and are always in demand. According to Ned Resnikoff, â€Å"The largest increase came in Washington, D.C., where the number of people experiencing homelessness rose by 28 percent and the number of homeless families went up by 60 percentRead MoreHomelessness Is The Common Reason Of Homelessness Essay1449 Words   |  6 Pagesone can face, People who live at poverty level and have mental disorders are more likely to become homeless. its something that effects people of all age, race, background, and religion. There are several untrue stereotypes about homeless people which is that they are lazy and do not work and commit more violent crimes than housed people. There are many problems that force people to become homeless, Homelessness is more than being a poor and without home, is a separation from society which includesRead MoreHomelessness : America s Resources For The Homeless Are Scarce1452 Words   |  6 PagesResources for the Homeless are Scarce in America Justin Hooks Fayetteville State University 2/27/2015 Abstract In this study, I will take the time out and investigate the effects that every day citizens have on homeless citizens and how we can play a big role in helping homelessness decrease. Over the past years many citizens haven’t established safe and stable places to live. I will then elaborate on how you can be sheltered and unsheltered and still be considered homeless. My main objectiveRead MoreHomelessness Is A Year Round Issue1359 Words   |  6 PagesHomelessness is a year round issue that needs to be addressed. People that are homeless will most likely commit to crime, because it is almost impossible for homeless people get a job. Think about it, a job application requires a home address, phone number to get in contact with and social insurance number. Those are all things a homeless person lacks. The origin of homelessness can be traced all the way back to colonial America. Homelessness arise during the American Revolution and Civil War. ItRead MoreMckinney Vento Act : Case Study863 Words   |  4 PagesFunding McKinney Vento Act provides federal funding to states to meet the needs of homeless students. States are given the flexibility to spend the funds appropriately. This includes the fixed amendment where schools can spend money on direct education services including various programs. LAUSD would continue to use these federal funds to hire homeless liaisons as part of their Homeless Education Program. The Local Control Funding Formula (LCFF) was passed in California and gives school districtsRead MoreThe Problem Of Poverty And Homelessness1604 Words   |  7 Pagesthat sets back the progress in solving the issue of poverty and homelessness in America. In fact, a study taken in 2015 gathered that with more interaction and willingness to help the homeless, the more empathy and compassion is gained for them, later resulting in a larger contribution from society creating a social change. I obtained this information based on a survey taken by Lindsay Phillips, a physiologist, that took it up on herself to ask working, undergraduate college students to describe theirRead MoreHomeless People : The Homeless1265 Words   |  6 PagesHomeless in Baltimore City is a serious issue that must be resolve. There are different types of homeless people: Chronic, transitional and episodic homeless people. However, there are several or multiples reasons for which people become homeless. It could be due to lack of financial incentives or economic reason, immigrants people (students or foreign), a choice of an individual or poverty, housing needs of the lack of low-income housing and other issues such as unemployment, underemployment, domesticRead MoreAnalyzing The Interactions Of Volunteers At Mary s Kitchen With The Guests1705 Words   |  7 PagesDiscussion The present study conducted aimed at analyzing the interactions of volunteers at Mary’s Kitchen with the guests that are currently homeless. The data was collected through interviews and observations for six hours. Observations were focused on to see how the volunteers are interacting with the guests such as the tone of their voice, gestures, body language, and attitudes that were observed while the volunteers were serving food to the guests and while they were handing out donated itemsRead MoreEssay on Effective Intervention for Homeless Youth958 Words   |  4 Pagesarea is a growing population with far reaching consequences for this group. They can be identified as a cultural group as they identify with others who have shared experiences and commonalities. Some of the serious struggles, identified in part I, homeless youth face are the increased probability of becoming victimized on the streets, higher risk of being infected with a STD or HIV, becoming pregnant, enterin g the criminal justice system, not having access to medical treatment, employment, housingRead MoreWeakness Of Homelessness1232 Words   |  5 PagesStrength. There are health centers for homeless to aid in not only their health, but their outreach programs set them up in the right direction. Like in this case study, the center assisted him in signing up for health insurance and food benefits. Some programs, give homeless the psychological help. Weaknesses. Unfortunately, homeless must want to not live on the streets and give up the additions to recreational and prescription drugs and alcohol. They tend not to because they feel ostracized, being

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Breast Cancer Cancer And Cancer Essay - 2214 Words

To acknowledge the health beings of a woman is quite scary knowing that in about 1 in 8 women in the U.S will develop breast cancer. By this year of 2016 going into 2017 there will approximately be 246,660 cases found. The 20th century is described to be the cancer century. One main cancer I wanted to talk about that has my full attention was breast cancer. The important ways of looking at breast cancer as a tremendous problem is because we are losing our women with this disease. Separating all of the issues by breaking down the main issues by categorizing to give clarification for those who know about it, and those know little knowledge or have no knowledge. Based on the information in my research I am supporting details for the definition of breast cancer, the treatments and cures for breast cancer, how things would be different without treatments, the causes and effects, stages, the breast cancer awareness month etc. However, around the world there is a ton of women affected by Br east cancers in the United States without signs and clues they will or have the cancer. Younger women don t think they will eventually get cancer. Being a woman of young age, you wouldn’t even imagine experiences signs of cancer. An interesting fact this useful for younger woman would be that have been that women under 40 are prone to be diagnosed with breast cancer. It can happen at any age group. Per statistics about 7% of women under 40 get breast cancer. Getting older in age the riskShow MoreRelatedBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer Essay1433 Words   |  6 PagesBreast cancer is a carcinoma that develops due to malignant cells in the breast tissue. Cancerous cells are more likely to produce in the milk-producing ducts and the glands, ductal carcinoma, but in rare cases, breast cancer can develop in the stromal, fatty, tissues or surrounding lymph nodes, especially in the underarm (Breast Cancer). For women, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the 2nd leading cause of cancer death – behind skin cancer. While treatment or surgeries c anRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1346 Words   |  6 Pagesinternational symbol for breast cancer support and awareness. Breast cancer knows neither racial boundaries nor age restrictions. Females of all ages and ethnicities can develop breast cancer and it is the leading most common cancer among women. Calling attention to this often fatal disease is important by supporting its victims, families and friends of victims, as well as raising funds for breast cancer research. Though males are not immune from developing a breast cancer, for the purposes of thisRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pagesacknowledge the health beings of a women is quite scary knowing that in about 1 in 8 women in the U.S will develop breast cancer. By this year of 2016 going into 2017 there will approximately be 246,660 cases found. The 20th century is described to be the cancer century. One main cancer I wanted to talk about that has my full attention was b reast cancer. The important ways of looking at breast cancer as a tremendous problem is because we are losing our women to this disease. Categorizing the main issues toRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer946 Words   |  4 PagesSkylar Steinman Period 6 Ms. Jobsz 12 February , 2016 Breast Cancer It is commonly known that Breast Cancer is one of the most insidious diseases that mankind has had to deal with. With the discovery of the BRCA1( BReast Cancer gene one) and BRCA2 (BReast Cancer gene two) genes, breast cancer can be detected with a great amount of certainty on a genetic level in some women and men. 40,000 women and men die of breast cancer each year. Knowing this it is very important to try to detect the mutationRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer981 Words   |  4 PagesThe Grand Rounds Research Project: Breast Cancer To hear you have breast cancer can be a very shocking thing. â€Å"Besides skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed among women in America as of 2015† (breastcancer,2015). First step is to know what you are dealing with when your doctor believes you have cancer, you will want to know what cancer is and how your doctor can detect it. Next your doctor will go over different stages of breast cancer that will help come to a conclusionRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1530 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Cancer† is the name for a group of diseases that start in the body at the cellular level. Even though there are many different kinds of cancer, they all begin with abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. These abnormal cells lump together to form a mass of tissue or â€Å"malignant tumor†. Malignant means that it can spread to other parts of the body or Metastasize . If the breast is the origin al location of the cancer growth or malignant tumor, the tumorRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1714 Words   |  7 PagesBreast Cancer The twentieth century has often been called and known as the cancer century. The reason being is that throughout the century, there have been more than a hundred types of cancer discovered across the world. In addition to the discovery of these many cancers, there has been an enormous medical effort to fight all kinds of cancer across the world. In the early decades of the century, cancer was considered to be a fatal disease, resulting in a high number of deaths. Although manyRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer Essay1741 Words   |  7 Pages Internationally, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer related death amongst women. (CITE) Each year an estimated 1.7 million new cases are diagnosed worldwide, and more than 500,000 women will die of the disease. (CITE) According to (CITE), somewhere in the world one woman is diagnosed with breast cancer every 19 seconds and more than three women die of breast cancer every five minutes worldwide. (CITE) Breast cancer is a heterogeneous condition thatRead MoreBreast Cancer : The Cancer Essay1722 Words   |  7 Pagesacknowledge the health beings of a women is quite scary knowing that in about 1 in 8 women in the U.S will develop breast cancer. By this year of 2016 going into 2017 there will approximately be 246,660 cases found. The 20th century is described to be the cancer century. One main cancer I wanted to talk about that has my full attention was breast cancer. The important ways of looking at breast cancer as a tremendous problem is because we are losing our women to this disease. Categorizing the main issues toRead MoreBreast Cancer : Cancer And Cancer1372 Words   |  6 PagesBreast Cancer Disease Overview Breast cancer is a disease in which certain cells in the breast become abnormal and multiply uncontrollably to form a tumor. Breast cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. (Only skin cancer is more common.) About one in eight women in the United States will develop invasive breast cancer in her lifetime. Researchers estimate that more than 230,000 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed in U.S. women in 2015. Cancers occur when a

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Divided Government and Political Power in the USA

Question: Describe about the Essay for Divided government and political power in the USA. Answer: As stated by the famous US writer, Beth Revis- Power isnt control at all- power is strength, and giving the strength to the others. Thus, power can be defined as the ability or act for controlling people or things (Revis 2016). According to the famous social and political theorist, Steven Luke, the power is the capacity that influences others. He classifies power to be exercised through three different dimensions, which can be visible through (i) decision making, (ii) ideological, power, and (iii) domination (Gilens 2012). In terms of politics, the power seeks to be entirely on its own sake. Our history incorporates the stories of the world leaders and organizations including the German Nazis, the Russian Communists, and various others that were seen to be relinquishing their respective powers unwillingly on the innocent people. These leaders and organizations had been pretending and believing to be seizing power on the population. It is interesting to note that although, they had be en able to come very close in implementing their methods, and they were unable to recognize their respective motives. This forced domination of the organizations created a negative influence on the people owing to their dictatorship approach of safeguarding a revolution. Thus, we can observe from our history that power is an end and it should not be misinterpreted as a method. Thus, political power can be defined as the authority or power being implemented by any party or government, which enables them to control the people and make effective use of the public resources for governing the population or a country. The divided government as relevant in the United States is described by a situation where a particular party controls the White House and the other party controls the houses (the Senate, and the House of Representatives) of the United States Congress which is a legislature of the federal government for the United States (Australianpolitics.com 2016). The US, being the oldest democracy in the world since 1789 does not incorporate all the features in their political systems that are democratic (Boundless.com 2015). Incorporating a federal system, the country is divided into the States and the central or national government. The Federal Government consist of three branches: (i) the Legislative branch incorporating the Senate and the House of Representatives, (ii) the Executive Branch incorporating the President, Federal Departments and Agencies and Cabinet, (iii) the Judicial branch including the Supreme Court and other federal courts (Fiorina, 2016). Each of the 50 states in the countr y elects a legislature and a Governor consisting of a State senate and a State House. The divided government in the country has become more norm than exception since 2010 (Australianpolitics.com 2016). Washington has been split between two parties since the past 21 years (Boundless.com 2015). With the Republicans finding victory over the White House and Congress, most of the people in the country are of the belief that the parties together would be bearing greater responsibility for getting things done for them in the future. Some of the researchers and philosophers are of the belief that this Divided Government is an undesirable product being formed because of the separation of powers in the political system of the country. The divided government became increasingly common since the late 20th century (Australianpolitics.com 2016). Some of the Liberal groups and conservatives believe the dividend government to be beneficial, as it would enable in encouraging more policing of the ind ividuals in power by the opposition. They also believe that this dividend government would also help in limiting the spending and extension of the laws, which are not desirable by the citizens in the country. At the start of the 21st century, the then President of the United States, George Bush and his democratic congress had seen the election in the country that voted for ten consecutive years of divided control since the year 1988 (Howell 2016). The election results showed a growing trend of divided government that had becoming a norm in the modern American politics. It has been estimated that the electorates have been splicing the election tickets by designing and hence, providing a slice of control for each of the parties from preventing the each other to accumulate monopoly on the political power (Mason and Stephenson 2015). Now, the election results showing a voting for the divided government had raised two important questions that needed correct explanations: Why did not the Republicans win the House? and Why did not the Democrats win the Presidency? These two questions are a matter of concern for the researchers to investigate on (Fiorina 2016). However, we could predict the answe rs to the questions being raised in respective of the election. The democrats cannot win the presidency as either most of the democratic nominees usually turn out to do their respective work. Another reason for their inability is that the democrats are too eager to tax and spend. On the other hand, the reason being the inability of the Republicans to win the house is due to the hesitations in their parts for paying the local benefits game or because the Republicans are manipulative in respective of their share of seats (Ehrenhalt, 2015). The most important weakness of the authorities is that they recognize the state level factors instead of identifying at the national level. According to Karl Marxs theory of state, the state is an instrument of class rule. His state cannot be seen as some sort of natural apparatus above the classes (Tabor 2016). According to Marx, the state does not serve the population in an impartial way. Moreover, it is not accountable to the democratic people nor it is liable for the democratic republic. The state defends and maintains the exploration and domination of the class by holding the lower classes that are threatening the ruling system. We are living in a class society, which also requires a state. Under the circumstances, we would be requiring a state for maintaining the overall reproduction of the system. The main reason behind the requirement of the state is due to the fact that each of the capitalists or the capital is acting on its own interest and does not necessarily mean to maintain the overall sustainability of the system (Mason and Stephenson 2015). The main function of the state would be to maintain the capitalis t class as a whole and should be acting against any particular class who are threatening the system as a whole. As for example, the US President Obamas decisions for the shared sacrifice from all the people for imp song the austerity in the country (Tabor 2016). This shows that the state is not responsible for standing for any national or general government in the society. The capitalist are meant to equate their interest in respective of the national interests and the state is required to maintain the defense of property including all the legal and illegal forms of the court. The dominate property relations arid being maintained by the sate through several means. It also has a specific role in maintaining the ideology and politics. Although, there can be a difference within the confinement of Democrats Republicans, the political leadership and the political classes tend to share the same values (Tabor 2016). The Republican in the US is considered the Right of the center party whereas the Democrats are considered the Left of the centre party. If we are to compare with the political system of the UK, it can be found that the Conservatives are the Right of the center party whereas the Labor is the Left of the center party. In the European politics, the center in the US politics is right to that in the British legislation (Darlington, 2016). This implies that the policies as implicated by the Tea Party applicants would not be supported by any political party in the UK. Likewise, the policies as supported by the US politics could be mainstreamed into the British Labor Party. There is no centre party as evident ion the US that consists of the Republicans and the Democrats. While in the UK, there is an evidence of the Liberal Democrat party acting between the labor and Conservative parties. It can be evident that there are two parties in the Congress and both of them are federal parties (Wiarda and Kline 2013). While in the UK, there is are nationalist political patties that seek votes throughout the country. In the US, the Republican and the democratic parties dominate the state and federal elections where the independents get small proportions of the votes. In the UK, two main political parties including the Labor and Conservative win a declining and smaller share of the total vote. In the US politics, there are two main political parties with individual candidates adopting various positions on the various issues. The UK politics is comprised of the political parties that are reining on the policies being promoted by the candidates and voted by the representatives being elected (Darlington, 2016). The political parties in the US have a congress in every four years fro choosing the candidates for the election process. While, in the UK, the political parties hold annual conferences for debating on the policy positions as to be adopted by the party. It should be noted that the conferences as held by the political parties in the UK do not chose the leader of the parties, which is done through a separate process (Gilens and Page 2014) . As far as the elections are concerned, the US implements the teams for the President for four years, a Senator for six years, and a Congressman, which is for two years. Moreover, the date so fight elections in the county is fixed. As far as the UK is concerned, the terms for House of Commons or the Government are for five years at a maximum limit (Darlington, 2016). However, the time limit of the members could be revised if the Prime Minister feels the need. The candidates for the Presidency, House of Representatives, and the Senate in the US political system are chosen by a system of registered Republican and democratic voters. The UK political system incorporates the process of the selection of candidates, which is confirmed to the actual members of the political parties in the constituency (Flanigan et al 2014). The US Constitution implements the election to be held in order to fill the vacant Senate seats. However, the state legislatures empower the governor of the state for fill ing up the seat by the appointment between the times in order to certify the winner of the special election. Most of the states allow the governors to replace the candidates for the next general elections in the country. Several steps are required to hold a special election for certifying the winner as the Senator member. In the UK, the House of the Commons is required to fill up the by-election in the constituency that is held within three mounts (Mann 2012). It should be noted that there is no replacement of the members of the House of Lords when a peer resigns. The 2010 election in the US had seen the victory of the Republican (Fiorina 2016). This victory had made the country wondering whether the divided government would be creating more incentive for the Republican and the Democrats would be deepening the partisan divisions. The divided government in the country has become more norm than exception since 2010. Washington has been split between two parties since the past 21 years (Fiorina 2016). With the Republicans finding victory over the White House and Congress, most of the people in the country are of the belief that the parties together would be nearing greater responsibility for getting things done for them in the future. Under the divided government, the parties have become more responsible for governing the country as they would be getting an equal stake in getting the things right (Dionne 2013). The primary advantage of the implication of the divided government in the country is that the policies are pushed to the centre in order to find the pragmatic solutions to the problems related to them if any. This pushing of the policies to the centre is a significant feature, as the legislation requires the support form bit the parties in order to be passed for the implementation of the same (Dye and Gaddie 2013). The divided government is also responsible for forcing the administration to govern the center. These were some of the reasons for the effective production of the sustainable bi-partnership and the US has been far more on the advantageous side by implementing the divided government since the past 21 years. Some of the concerns relating to her divided government in the US is that the passing of the legislation requires longer time than it could have been possible under a one-party rule in the country. Moreover, the divided government in the country is responsible for empowering the congress and the parties for launching the investigations of the administrations that is creating legislative gridlock and is deepening the partisan rancor. In addition, the bi-parties government prescribes and incorporates the small-bore initiatives and halfway measures that make it difficult for the government to solve the bigger problems on a national level. This debate about the shortfalls related to the divided government in the country has led to the gradual decrement in its prominence on a political scene since the past few years. The year 2012 has shown the divided government to be reaching a remarkable low point as evident from the 2012 election in the country. Moreover, it should be noted that the y ear saw only 12 states including New York, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and others to be supporting the divided government approach (Australianpolitics.com 2016). The implications of the divided control arise from the unhappiness in the perspective of the voters with the government management system. Owing to this dissatisfaction of the management system, the voters are compelled to elect the divided government instead of electing minority party governors. As evident from the discussions, it can be evident that the divided rule has a number of advantages than a one-party ruling government. Under the divided government, the parties are more responsible for governing the country as they get an equal stake in getting the things right. Moreover, the implication of the divided government in the country is that the policies are pushed to the centre in order to find the pragmatic solutions to the problems related to them. This pushing of the policies to the centre is a significant feature of the divided rule, as the legislation requires the support form bit the parties in order to be passed for the implementation. The divided government is also respo nsible for forcing the administration to cover the center. These were some of the reasons for the effective production of the sustainable bi-partnership and the US has been far more on the advantageous side by implementing the divided government since the past 21 years. References Australianpolitics.com, (2016).Overview of the U.S. Political System | AustralianPolitics.com. [online] Australianpolitics.com. Available at: https://australianpolitics.com/united-states-of-america/system-overview [Accessed 19 Mar. 2016]. Boundless.com, (2015). The U.S. Political System.Boundless. [online] Available at: https://www.boundless.com/sociology/textbooks/boundless-sociology-textbook/government-15/the-u-s-political-system-116/the-u-s-political-system-644-331/ [Accessed 19 Mar. 2016]. DARLINGTON, R. (2016).Contrasts between American and British political systems. [online] Rogerdarlington.me.uk. Available at: https://www.rogerdarlington.me.uk/USvsUK.html [Accessed 19 Mar. 2016]. DeNardo, J., 2014.Power in numbers: The political strategy of protest and rebellion. Princeton University Press. Dionne Jr, E.J., 2013.Our divided political heart: The battle for the American idea in an age of discontent. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. Dye, T.R. and Gaddie, R.K., 2013.Politics in America. Pearson Higher Ed. Ehrenhalt, A. (2015).What Does Divided Government Mean for the Future of Politics?. [online] Governing.com. Available at: https://www.governing.com/columns/assessments/gov-divided-we-stand.html [Accessed 19 Mar. 2016]. Fiorina, M. (2016). Divided Government: The Story In The States. [online] Available at: https://ropercenter.cornell.edu/public-perspective/ppscan/31/31021.pdf. Flanigan, W.H., Zingale, N.H., Theiss-Morse, E.A. and Wagner, M.W., 2014.Political behavior of the American electorate. Cq Press. Gilens, M. and Page, B.I., 2014. Testing theories of American politics: Elites, interest groups, and average citizens.Perspectives on politics,12(03), pp.564-581. Gilens, M., 2012.Affluence and influence: Economic inequality and political power in America. Princeton University Press. Howell, E. (2016).The American Presidency. [online] Available at: https://users.polisci.wisc.edu/coleman/Divgovtcolemanparker.pdf [Accessed 19 Mar. 2016]. Kernell, S., Jacobson, G.C., Kousser, T. and Vavreck, L., 2015.The logic of American politics. Cq Press. Mann, M., 2012.The sources of social power: Volume 3, global empires and revolution, 1890-1945(Vol. 3). Cambridge University Press. Mason, A.T. and Stephenson, G., 2015.American constitutional law: introductory essays and selected cases. Routledge. Packenham, R.A., 2015.Liberal America and the third world: Political development ideas in foreign aid and social science. Princeton University Press. Revis, B. (2016).Quotes About Power (2638 quotes). [online] Goodreads.com. Available at: https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/tag/power [Accessed 19 Mar. 2016]. Schmidt, S., Shelley, M., Bardes, B. and Ford, L., 2013.American Government and Politics Today, No Separate Policy Chapters Version, 2013-2014. Nelson Education. Tabor, R. (2016).The Marxist Theory fo the State. [online] Spunk.org. Available at: https://www.spunk.org/texts/pubs/lr/sp001715/marxron.html [Accessed 19 Mar. 2016]. Wiarda, H.J. and Kline, H.F. eds., 2013.Latin American politics and development. Westview Press.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Multiple Personality Disorders Essays - Psychiatry,

Multiple Personality Disorders Multiple Personality Disorders By Philip Ausherman Multiple Personality Disorder (MPD) or Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) was first recognized in the 1700's but was not understood so therefore it was forgotten. Many cases show up in medical records through the years, but in 1905, Dr. Morton Prince wrote a book about MPD that is a foundation for the disorder. A few years after it was published Sigmund Freud dismissed the disorder and this dropped it from being discussed at any credible mental health meetings. Since then the disorder has been overlooked and misdiagnosed as either schizophrenia or psychosis. Many in the medical profession did not believe that a person could unknowingly have more than one personality or person inside one body, even after the 1950's Three Faces of Eve was published by two psychiatrist. In 1995, records showed that three to five thousand patients were being treated for MPD compared to the hundred cases reported ten years earlier. There is still as increase in the number of cases being reported as the scientific community learns more and more about the disease and the public is becoming more and moreaware of this mental disorder. There are still many questions left unanswered about the disease, like Is it genetic? or Is a certain type of personality more vulnerable to the disorder? but many aspects of how people come by the disorder are already answered (Clark, 1993, p.17-19) MPD is commonly found in adults who were recurrently abused mentally, physically, emotionally, and/or sexually as young children, between birth to 8 years of age. The child uses a process called dissociation to remove him/herself from the abusive situation. Dissociation is when a child makes up an imaginary personality to take control of the mind and body while the child is being abused. The child can imagine many personalities but usually there is a personality for every feeling and or emotion that was involved during the abuse (BoyyM, 1998, p.1). As an adult, the abused child finds it hard to keep track of time and may have episodes of amnesia. Other symptoms that will appear in adults with MPD are depression, auditory and visual hallu cinations (hearing voices) and suicidal thoughts. Another major symptom is when the adult has no recollection of their childhood. The adult with MPD has no idea they were abused as children and also unaware of the other personalities living inside of their head (Multiple Personality Disorder-fact sheet, 1996-99, p.1). Multiple Personality Disorder is when there is the presence of two or more distinct identities or personalities, each with its own relatively enduring pattern of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and self(BoyyM, 1998, p.1). There can be anywhere from two to over a hundred different personalities. Usually each personality will fall into one of the following categories: core, host, protectors, internal self-helper, fragments, child members, preteen, teenager, adults, artistic/music, cross-gender, cross-colored, animal members, inanimate members (BoyyM, 1998, p. 2-3). The host personality is the person who is the multiple, this is the original personality, or the one that created the other personalities, but is unaware of them. The most common apparent identities are the child, persecutor, rescuer, and helper. The child is the identity that is under the age of twelve. They behave as children often sucking thumbs, twisting hair, like to eat cookies, throw tantrums, and use child-like vocabulary. The Persecutor identity is the self-destructive identity that is violent and angry. Persecutor identities usually have a drug/alcohol problem and generally put the host at risk. The rescuer personality is usually devoid of emotion but logical, able, proficient, and responsible. The helper personality knows the most about the history of the multiple; they generally want to help everyone for the general good. The helper personality is the personality that is most helpful in therapy because they usually know about all the other identities (Clark, 1993, p.80-83). Subpersonalities are not only part of a person with MPD but they are also evident in emotionally normal persons as well. Although, in a normal person, he/she remembers when their subpersonality takes over, but in a MPD patient, the personality disconnects from the host that the host can not remember what happens. When a