Re-viewing Summer: the Way to Highland Park, A Selection From A Walker In the City :: Kazin Summer Highland Park

Kazins Summer The Way to Highland ParkSitting on the marble steps of the old, traditional Ameri bottom church, I began to feel cold. two oriental lions, carved out of old white marble, surrounded me. Their faces were mean, and they seemed to be staring at something. As the beasts remained perfectly still, tiny creatures black ants and brown bugs really busily walked on their backs. As I looked around from my cold spot on the step, I could see an old, brick house. This house was like none other on the block. With a large American flag hanging on the door, this house a symbol of the American dream stood taller than all the other houses. My attention wherefore shifted to two great big evergreen trees on each facade, and the beautiful bed of flowers, of all shapes, sizes, and colors, wrapped tightly around the base of the house the tracings of an American summer. There was a light through the upstairs window of the house. I could see a mother sitting with her baby son. Although a ll I could arrest were the many crickets singing softly in the night, I knew that the loving mother was telling a bedtime story to her sweet and sleepy child. My America is a really beautiful place, not only because of the big cities, tall buildings, stone statues, and pretty flowers, but also because of the people who make America what it is today. Knowing within all blue, black, brown, green, and gray eye you see on the streets of America and like me, every window you look through there are stories, hopes and even dreams, this thought brings me the superlative pleasure, as it did Alfred Kazin. Kazins greatest pleasure came looking at the many historical landmarks that New York had to offer and thinking of the many people who struggled to make those amazing contributions. In Summer The Way to Highland Park (1951), Kazin takes us into his childhood in the Brownsville section of Brooklyn, describing his America with such tactile distinction that we too can taste the damp sweetn ess of Italian cheese and see the clumps of red and brown meat dripping off the sausage rings (Kazin 332). You cannot grow up in that kind of environment, without absorbing and re-expressing a fantastically physical world, states Kazin in an National Public Radio news recording.

Colonial Fiction: Mister Johnson Essay -- Essays Papers

Colonial Fiction Mister JohnsonThe relationship between Rudbeck and Mister Johnson is extremely revelation with regards to the experience of the European administrators and the co-operation of the Nigerians in the colonial endeavour. Johnson is keenly aware that superiority for natives directly depends upon being on good terms with the coloniser. He consistently emphasises his effect that Rudbeck is his good friend, and how he is mos indispensable to ... His Majestys service (85). It could be argued that this should not be passed off as simple native fantasy, put in for the amusement of the European reader. In some(prenominal) cases, Johnson is indispensable to the inexperienced Rudbeck, and throughout the novel, Johnson is constantly seen as the innovator in the relationship. In two important and inextricably linked areas, finances and roadbuilding, it is not the colonial brass which responds to the needs of Rudbeck, but Johnson. As if to push this European dependence on the nat ive a little further, Cary suggests that Rudbeck relies on Johnson in his personal life as well. For example, while Rudbeck is working on the road, Johnson is left to entertain his wife, Celia, an act of trust that both shocks and impresses the natives. We are told that this greatly increases Johnsons prestige in Fada, where the Emir does not steady trust his chief eunuch with his wives (87). Concern over finances is a predominant theme throughout the novel, both for Johnson who constantly seems to be in debt, and Rudbeck who, cod to the stringency of the Treasury, never has sufficient m 1y or resources to carry out developments to the extent he would like. The reader is given the impression that, if he could , Rudbeck would be doing ofttimes more with Fada. He is a man of action, who longs to get out on the roads, working hard physically. Yet his ambitions are constantly frustrated, and he is left suffering (57) in his office, itching to get out again. On many levels - financial constraints, inexperience, communication difficult - his hands are tied. Johnsons personal finances never seem to come out the same extent of problems to him as do Rudbecks. When dealing with finances, Rudbecks many sudden depressions (77) often climax, and he simply concedes that everything is all damn nonsense, anyhow (53). Rudbeck knows only too well that he female genitalia expec... ... basics of what he expected from them. However, they are intelligent enough to let Rudbeck do most of the work himself (55) in the blistering African sun. Cary is hinting that the natives are not as gullible as the coloniser would like to believe. In reality, they are much more subversive. Indeed native subversion and resistance could be seen as one the key themes throughout the novel. In other cases, for example, Cary is not so subtle. He openly portrays Waziri offering Johnson favours and bribes to keep him informed about the contents of Rudbecks safe, which contains all the written document and information sent from Britain, communications which were essential for indirect rule - a role Johnson carries out without a second thought concerning any moral obedience to Rudbeck. As Cary sees it, in the colonial project, personalities and individuals are of no concern. In the imperialist longing for supremacy and the natives response to this, people are used and discarded at will. Cary gives every indication that the problems faced by Rudbeck are universal throughout the colonial project. The plight of the colonial administrator seems doomed to a life of mental confusion and disillusionment.

Male Attitude in Hurston’sTheir Eyes Were Watching God and Seraph on the Suwanee :: Their Eyes Were Watching God Essays

Male Attitude Towards Women in Hurstons Novels, Their Eyes Were Watching God and Seraph on the SuwaneeAw naw they dont. They just ideate theys thinkin. When Ah see peerless thing Ah down the stairsstands ten. You see ten things and dont envision one.(71) Joe Starks to Janie in Their Eyes Were Watching God That shows the difference between me and you. I see one thing and can understand ten. You see ten things and cant even understand one.(261) Jim Meserve to Arvay in Seraph on the Suwanee While reading these two novels by Zora Neale Hurston, I spy several metaphors, ideas, and lines that she uses in both texts. I think that the almost parallel lines quoted above are particularly telling of the way that these two novels relate in their depictions of male attitudes towards women and the relationships that exist between the husband and wife characters. Janies matrimony to Joe Starks in Their Eyes Were Watching God and Arvays marriage to Jim Meserve in Seraph on the Suwanee both pe rsist under the rubric of the male figures ideas about what marriage and women should be and do. Within both of these marriages, the husband feels his wife is a possession that is to be provided for and cherished, yet non necessarily to be communed with. Joe embodies this sentiment throughout his marriage with Janie, placing her on a kind of pedestal where she can be seen, but not heard. Jim establishes his marriage under similar pretenses and verbally reiterates them throughout the novel, yet seems to evolve past them in a certain respect as he urges Arvay to take an active graphic symbol in their love. In their patriarchal positions of authority, both Joe and Jim see themselves as wise, as understanding ten things, whereas they view their wives as stupid and ungrateful, as unable to understand even one thing. We can infer Joes attitude towards women and marriage from several statements that he makes to Janie throughout their relationship. While he courts his future wife, Joe exp lains himself and his intentions Ahm uh man wid principles. You aint never knowed what it was to be treated lak a lady and Ah wants to be de one tuh show yuh. Call me Jody lak you do sometime(29). He then situates Janies subservient and silent position within the marriage mah wife dont know nothin bout no speech-makin. Ah never married her for nothin lak dat.

zionism- Greenberg :: essays research papers

Response to Myth and MetaphorIt is not irrelevant nor is it fair to reply to the mirage of childish bickering that just frustrated the last half hour of my day without mentioning the more than obvious biases of the writers involved in their respective fields. Har aged Fisch, a prof of English Literature at Leeds University and soon after at Bar-Ilan University, writes a detailed analysis of what he refers to as the Myth and Metaphor of the various approaches to Zionism in his book titled The Zionist Revolution. In this analysis Fisch attempts to break down several approaches to the myth and metaphor of Zionism to give the reader a sense of broader companionship and a feeling that the field is generally covered in this article. He inevitably presents forth the opinion that he holds of highest regard last and most obviously, receivable to his literary nature, third in line after those of Aaron David Gordon and HaRav Avraham Yizchak Hakohen Kook respectively.The problem with Fischs analysis of Gordon and his metaphor of Zionism is that the passages that he selected to quote do not at all confine themselves to the commentary he addressed to them. In this selected passage Gordon speaks ofa life story organism which performs its various functions naturally..our natural soil from which we let been uprooted..The heart of our people is herefor here is the mainspring of our life..Here something is beginning to flowerHere is the force attracting all the scattered cells of the people to unite into one living national organism(pg. 56).Fischs misplaced claim comes directly following this quote when he claims that Gordon desires a kind of new religion to replace the old religion of Judaism. Fisch continues on the following page and claims that the religion he speaks of is one distinct from that of the Law and the prophets. From the biblical point of view we may say that we pass here a resurgence of something like the worship of the Bealim, the gods of the earth. From t he passage presented by Fisch we dont see any such existence. Gordon, like Rav Kook, and many another(prenominal) other contemporaries in this field, is devoted to the ideals of restoration to our roots and the mystical future that the Holy Land holds for its people when they will government issue to her. This concept is rattling much a part of the Jewish religion and can be seen in the well know verse Return to me and I will return to you, referring to G-ds promise to his people that he will return to them once they take the initiative to return to him.

John Grisham Essay -- essays research papers

John Grishams Appeal to Contemporary ViewersThe success behind the Grishams novels has come from the authors ability to accent the suspense and playing period around the character, rather than the cases the character is involved in. When one looks back into time at the novels and TV shows about law, the authors tended to focus on the cases rather on the drama surround the event that took place. In John Grishams book The Firm, he turns the focus of the audience away from the real(a) case(s) and instead focuses on the life of the lawyer (Mitch McDeere). This allows Grisham to add drama, suspense and anything else that would help support the plot. If Grisham decided only to write about the technical aspects of law surrounding a case, then his following of viewers would probably be much smaller then it is today. Matt Zoller Seitz, an author who wrote an essay that reaffirms this point, by claiming that the contemporary viewers are attracted to Grishams work because of his real life l ike stories surrounding the main characters, like the lawyer, Mitch McDeere, in The Firm. John Grishams leading character in this novel is Mitch McDeere, he is the center of the plot. Grisham uses supporting characters such as Mitchs wife, and other partners in the law firm, that brings life to Mitch McDeere. Grisham creates conflict between these characters and Mitch to form the drama of the plot and find a resolution to the problems that...

John Grisham Essay -- essays research papers

John Grishams Appeal to Contemporary ViewersThe success behind the Grishams novels has flow from the authors ability to focus the suspense and drama around the character, rather than the cases the character is involved in. When one looks back into time at the novels and TV shows about law, the authors tended to focus on the cases rather on the drama surrounding the event that took place. In John Grishams book The Firm, he turns the focus of the earshot away from the actual case(s) and instead focuses on the life of the lawyer (Mitch McDeere). This allows Grisham to add drama, suspense and anything else that would help support the plot. If Grisham decided only to write about the adept aspects of law surrounding a case, then his following of viewers would probably be much smaller then it is today. Matt Zoller Seitz, an author who wrote an essay that reaffirms this point, by claiming that the contemporary viewers are attracted to Grishams work because of his real life like stories s urrounding the main characters, like the lawyer, Mitch McDeere, in The Firm. John Grishams principal character in this novel is Mitch McDeere, he is the center of the plot. Grisham uses supporting characters such as Mitchs wife, and other partners in the law firm, that brings life to Mitch McDeere. Grisham creates conflict in the midst of these characters and Mitch to form the drama of the plot and find a resolution to the problems that...

Management of Having an Alcoholic Parent

Many kids feel that they brush offt do anything when a refer is an alcoholic. In fact, almost every kid who has a parent who is an alcoholic feels that there is nothing they foundation do. You are wrong. There are many things that you can do if you just think about the situation. If your father/ suffer is abusing you when he/she drinks there is much that you can do. What about if your mother/father are in denial and he/she will not listen to you when you put them that they need counseling. There are many sides in which you can take in order to help them solve their problems.One way people can go around a authoritative situation is to confront the alcoholic. By doing this you can see if they are in denial with the subject. This may cause whatsoever tension is some cases, but it is worth it to know if they are in that state or not of denial. If you do ask them and they do say, Yes than you should talk with him or her and see what do you think that you should do in order to stop d rinking. Some people will however, stir the ideas that you are trying to run their lives, and provoke a big scene. If you just do it with out blaming the person and allow them to answer then they will understand and be cooperative about the matter. other way to try and help an alcoholic is to get them into rehab or counseling. In many cases this is the best and most convenient way to help out him/her with their problem. By doing this you are realizing that the person or people have a problem, and need help. Some people will get offended in this matter, but that is the insecurity that you have to take. If they do get offended they should see that right there they need help. If they do not get mad or angry than possibly they did not have a problem at all, and you made a mistake. There are many counseling opportunities that one can go to in-order to get help. The people that end up going to rehab, are the ones that still remain having the problem. In many cases rehab only makes mat ters worse. It is a good idea in certain situations, but teenagers should not be going to these places. It makes them feel worse and causes them to drink more often.The other way that you can help an alcoholic parent is to do what they say. Sometimes kids feel that if they do what they say it gives them the gratitude of power. So some kids do not listen and that causes some of the parents to drink more often and frequently. This is one of the mop things that you can do when it comes to an alcoholic parent. Not listening to them makes them feel that you dont care about them at all. They think that you are thinking you can do what you lack when you want to do it. It is not the case, but that is how an alcoholic parent sees it in his or her perspective.Yes there are many other ways you can come on an alcoholic parent, but these are the ways that I feel are most helpful. If you do come across and alcoholic the best thing you can do it to just be there for him/her when they need it.

Opinion on E-Tolls Essay

A democracy is a government by the people and when the people are non creation led, precisely they are being forced, then there are many questions about the democratic government that need to be soliciting and retorting. The e-Toll system is an electronic tolling system that does not require motorists to stop in order for them to be plug-ined, just as an ordinary toll booth. This system is being imposed on to the motorists of Gauteng and is being disguised as a method of raising funds for the development of Gauteng roads and ultimately, southwestward African roads. The imposing of this system is nubly out of the scope of a democracy it is a huge waste of tax payers money and should be totally abolished by the South African government.Several e-tolls are found on various highways in Gauteng and how they work is once you drive under them, it scans your e-tag and license plates (at the front and back), takes an aerial view of your car, measures the size of it (in order to know ho w much to bill you), finds whos registered to the vehicle and then they are billed electronically. As fancy as it sounds, vehicle users in Gauteng are on the brink of daylight looting with the new e-toll system that is about to be imposed on them by SANRAL (South African Road Agency Ltd.), and if nothing is done, the country bequeath find itself being dragged by the neck in a so-called democracy.The first issue that comes into play with the e-toll system is the financial issue of e-tolls. SANRAL accumulated a debt in surplus of 20 billion rands over the past few long time with the renovations of the Gauteng highways. The government believes that this debt can be covered over several years by implementing the user-pay doctrine which is simply road users paying to be on the roads. Two issues sprout from this. The first, OUTA has done some calculations on the total cost of repaying the debt over those 20 years and instead of the 20 billion rand owed, you find that with the e-toll, G auteng motorists will be paying, an excess of 75 billion rands. The government is yet to explain why they are charging users a whole lot more than what they need to be repaying. This is a huge waste of tax payers money as there are already arouse levies being paid to help aid the construction of South African roads. The second, Austrian company Kapsch, will be collecting a total of 665 cardinal rand annually for the next 8 years, giving a feeling of privateinvestors prospering rather than the take in of the people.Government argues that this large income of money from e-Tolls will returns the working and the poor class because they will not have to pay and they get the assurance of safer roads without having to pay. This all seems well but what government forgot to find is the fact that with the increase in road usage, there will definitely be an increase in the cost of living. Trucking companies that deliver the cheap goods to topical anaesthetic supermarket will increase the ir price of operation which will increase the price of goods which will surely impact their pockets. This does not just limit itself to the delivery of goods. E-tolls do not have as many benefits as first anticipated because the money spent is for the roads and you find that public transport in South Africa is still in a shocking state and many users will still get in vehicles that are not road-worthy and that will not benefit them even if the roads are better.South African, especially Gauteng, road users already have a big issue with the payment of traffic fines. The e-toll system will find that people will fail to pay their bills as in the case of Portugal. A country as developed as Portugal had a total of 19% of users failing to pay their fees and that saw more than a double-increase in the costs of administration in the short space of a year. South Africa, as a developing country, will have themselves a large handful of people who will not pay for their fees. The government will have themselves besides much to deal with and will put the burden on the shoulders of the road users again and the cycle will not end.

Role of Student in Making of Pakistan

Pakistan an ideological state Pakistan claims itself to lay an ideological state because it is founded on a certain specific ideology-the ideology of Islam. It came into being because Muslims of the Indo-Pak subcontinent developed a specific attitude of mind-and attitude which was determined by the consciousness of certain principles or objectives which they felt must be realized. These were the eternal spiritual and ethical values of Islam. Islam gives ethical bases of life to the Muslim nation. To them Islam is more than a religion as considered in the western sense.It is in fact a complete code of life which embraces social, political, economic and cultural aspects of human behaviors. Ideology of Pakistan The ideology of Pakistan, the overwhelming Muslim rustic is ideology which comprises the dictates and sanctions which are attributed or prone to the Islamic concept of nation and that of state. i) Muslim nationhood As regards the Muslims, their can of nationhood is neither ge ographical boundaries nor social or linguistic similarities but their religion-Islam. All Muslims are a nation without any distinction.This is the first principle of Pakistan ideology on which Quaid-i-Azam demanded a separate homeland for the Muslims of the subcontinent. To Pakistan, Islam is the basis of patriotism. II) Islamic state The ideology of Pakistan is based on the principles and ideals of Islam. Islam is the ideal for which Muslims struggled and on which the ideals on the newly born nation were based. III) Ancient ideology Ideology of Pakistan- the Islamic way of life is not something life a manifesto that Pakistanis adopted in the morrows of their freedom. On the country, it is as old as Islam itself.Indeed Indo-Pakistani Muslim emerged as a new nation because they had stood fast to this ideology. They founded a new state because they had described to enthrone the values underlying this ideology without being checked by the mastery of other conflicting values. It has bee n sufficiently warranted by the historical facts that not withstanding a thousand years of co-existence of the two communities-the Hindus and the Muslims, in the Indian subcontinent, they could not become harmonic, cohesive, was the emolument which was based on regionality.But this regionality could not become effective since the Muslim community is totally different from the Hindu society having its own moods and methods, names and nomenclature legends and heroes, vocabulary and literature, this concept of co-existence between them even at the regional levels could not prove a success. Thus they started their struggle for a separate homeland on the basis of Islamic ideology.

Ancient Chinese Foot Binding Essay

Woman in living in China during the Song Dynasty believed that they would appear more graceful and beautiful if they had base feet. They utilize hind end binding, a long and painful process of breaking and moving bones, to deform their feet until they were tiny. Foot binding perceived the role of women in Chinese society and Confucian moral values. This practice affected the lives of many women in ways that are unimaginably painful ( backlash). One Chinese legend speaks of a meter when Lady Huang of the Song Dynasty started this practice and continued it because her prince loved her little feet.He was proud of her ability to dance and walk gracefully. Soon, others took up the idea of clean binding, and copied her idea of delicate feet. The first evidence found of floor binding is from Lady Huangs tomb. She lived in the Song Dynasty, which was from around 960-1279 AD. In the tomb, the womans feet were bound and wearing five and a half inch long shoes (Bound). Another legend stat es that the first magazine foot binding was used was when a materialization concubine bound her feet tightly to be used in a dance routine for the emperor at that time (Ellis-Christensen).By the twelfth century, the practice was greatly used among the upper class, particularly the Han Chinese. During the Qing Dynasty in the mid-seventeenth century, every girl who wished to be married into a wealthy family had to have her feet bound, in order to have a good life (Schiavenza). The reason for this is because men wanted their wives to be delicate. When a girl reached the age of 4-6 years old, her mother would come foot binding on her. If she was any younger, she would not be able to endure the pain but, if she were any older, her foot would be too grown to make for with this process (Schiavenza).First, her mother would soak the childs foot in a mix of herbs and blood, to soften it up. Then, she would bend and pull back the girls toes, (except her big toe), under her foot toward the a rch until her toes broke. The girls mother would also break the arch of her foot. Next, she would bind up the childs foot tightly with a long bandage, until her foot formed a triangle with the arch, toes, and heel (Ellis-Christensen). In other words, the foot created a steep, indenting curve and fold in the center of the sole, while the heel was pushed up, ca utilise the foot to become rounded.The entire process was extremely painful. These feet, called lotus feet, were three to five inches long, and shaped like hooves (Bound). even so though foot binding created social possibilities for Chinese women, it caused many problems and deformity. The practice resulted in a shorter and deformed foot that came from the muscles and bones repositioning. Women had to walk on their heels, using a shuffling gait, seen as graceful (Bound). The bandages were worn all day and night, unless they were being washed, which did not happen very often, causing the feet to stink. This caused many infectio ns and diseases.The women who used foot binding had to bind their feet continuously for their whole lives. They wore tiny shoes to cover up their feet. The condition of their feet affected their mobility. Women in Ancient China at that time could not leave their houses by themselves. They also could not do any work that servants could easily do. It was very difficult to get up from a temper and to sit down (Ellis-Christensen). The last survivors from this period in time, all that remains of a vanished idea, suffer from old age, arthritis, and the diseases that came with the practice of foot binding (Mao).Toward the end of the Qing Dynasty, when occidental countries had more influence on China, foot binding slowly gained more and more people who wanted to end the practice. Wives of Christian ministers, educated Chinese who had study abroad in Europe and North America, and many others began to oppose foot binding (Schiavenza). Finally, in 1911, foot binding was officially banned (B ound). By the time Mao Zedong took control of China in 1949, the practice was gone, with the exception of a few remote areas in the mountains of China (Schiavenza).During the end of foot binding, a young woman named Gladys Aylward had a chance to preach the gospel to the Chinese people. She grew up in London, England, but was called to go to China and be a missionary to the villagers there. Aylward well-educated the language and culture of the Chinese, and later became a citizen. One of the officials appointed her to be a foot inspector after the law was passed to ban foot binding. change of location from village to village, while the unwrapped peoples bandages, she preached the gospel to them, and told Bible stories. Many of these people believed and were saved (Gladys).Foot binding was not a form of torture, but was performed in respect to the Chinese culture and traditions. By making their feet exceedingly shorter, they believed that they were closer to perfection. Foot binding caused many women to suffer in their older ages, though. It is amazing that by means of suffering and pain, God finds ways to make himself known. Thankfully, foot binding is no longer practiced, due to the successful resistance movements of western influence (Mao). Works Cited Bound to Be Beautiful Foot Binding in Ancient China. McClung Museum of Natural History and Culture.University of Tennessee Knoxville, 4 June 2005. Web. 25 Nov. 2013. Ellis-Christensen, Tricia. Why Did Chinese Women Bind Their Feet?. wiseGEEK. Ed. O. Wallace. N. p. , 16 Nov. 2013. Web. 25 Nov. 2013. Gladys Aylwards Long Road to China. Christianity. com. Salem Web Network, 2013. Web. 25 Nov. 2013. Mao, J. Foot Binding Beauty and Torture. The Internet Journal of Biological Anthropology 1. 2 (2007). Web. 25 Nov. 2013. Schiavenza, Matt. The funny History of Foot Binding in China. The Atlantic. N. p. , 16 Sept. 2013. Web. 25 Nov. 2013.

Company called Bookshop Essay

1. Introduction 1. 1 Background The caller that I fork up chosen to do my project on is a small book distri scarceion company called Bookshop. Bookshop is a small company based in South London and was set up in early 2002. They form a small workforce of 4 people. Each person then has a large and important role to the company. Each worker is always solid pushed to meet deadlines for schools and social centres demanding books. Because that ar a small company they cannot afford to hurt large computer staff to bearing after al their accounts.They be limited to the time that they can spend on diametric tasks. Each day they deal with a round i 1000 worth of orders, but this might vary to as much as i 4500 or as little as i 500. The director of the company has put in a large lump sum as a loan to start off the company, which she hopes ordain trunk into profits, which she will later recoup. 1. 2 disceptation of the problem I hit conducted an interview with the director of the c ompany and we encountered the following problems. Because the bookshop is red-hot, there are many things that could go wrong and caused bankruptcy.There is the occurrence that the company has no real image and cannot conduct rely on customers. Therefore they need to profit maximise. They need all staff working to their honest potential. They need no wastes of time with things that can be do automatically. Also with the small amount of money available to them they had o make do with overaged computers, which ran old computer programs that are DOS based. The problem that ABC Books as a company has is that it is limited to the workforce that it ca spend on different tasks. Therefore time is a major part of what is wrong.If there were a way that was quicker than the current way to do it then the time taken by each person would be greatly reduced and there may be a chance that each person would have much time to do other jobs. For example two people handle all the accounts. If the re were an easier way then they might only need 1 person and therefore there would be an extra person left over to do other work. Because of a shortage of time that they spend on the accounts, orders dont get delivered and because it is a small business, it needs all the orders it can get and any a late order and schools will look to other suppliers.This was picked up on by Pat Horsefield (director) when a meeting was held to discuss the problems with the system. Mrs. Horsefield feels that with the introduction of a computer accounts system, a system that can cognitive process customer orders faster and more than accurately, a reduction in the amount of paper generated by the system and feels that a centralised system could improve parley between staff, then the whole company will run more smoothly and then they would make more money and she would start going in to profit.As the company is new they have not got enough capital to go out and but fleets of vans and cars, they have to rely on people avow cars and transport of that of a delivery company which all costs money. Because of this they need to save money on expensive large especially designed programs by large specialist companys that produce such programs. 2. Investigation 2. 1 The current system The current system that the company use is a spreadsheet package that was created 17 years ago and is therefore quite underlying and not easy use for all the staff that are used to more modern forms of spreadsheets.At the moment as each school places an order, it has to go through a processing system that takes a long time to adopt out. Input Processing Output Forename Surname Position School Address Home Phone Mobile Books ordered Total Price gainful Payment method This is the route that the current data takes. 2. 2 Constraints of the Current system The format of the current accounting system is in DOS and therefore has no GUI that is useable to a user for formats like EXCEL. The packet and hardware a re old and need to be replaced.That main one is that it is not like the new accounts systems such as EXCEL and SAGE Line 100. There are many problems encountered when external people wish to view the accounts i. e. Auditors. some other problem is that when outside people wish to review the accounts, they are totally unfamiliar with the system and are not able to use it correctly. This is mainly because of the layout and the basic look of the interface. There is one major problem with the actual system and that is that it does not automatically perform calculations. Therefore all calculations need to be done using a calculator.This is time consuming. If there were a way that the users could just put in numbers and the computer could automatically calculate the totals and the answers the user would have more time to do other things. Due to the lack of complexity of the system, errors are often made. 3. Requirements of the new system 3. 1 General objectives The general objectives that I hope to be able to achieve are To create an up-to-date system that can be easily used by the staff and new staff To be based on a modern GUI that all users will understand.To make it self explanatory so that new users will be able to pick up the methods quickly. It will need o be able to hold the companys accounts There will be no need for passwords to any of the data, as no strict personal data is held on the computer 3. 2 Specific objectives quantitative Customer accounts should be found in less then 20 seconds The user should be able to locate a page by using in the tick of a button. All users should be able to use the system to do accounts. Customer Details should be able to be printed off at the poky of a button.There should be buttons to do all reasonable jobs (print/open/add) All pages should have links back to all the other pages, with the click of a macro and should be clearly labelled. 4. The current systems 4. 1 Hardware The hardware that is available to the users i s a small LAN of 4 computers and a server. All the computers have a barcode scanner for scanning in book barcode numbers and ISBNs. The computers that I have available for me to use are a set of 5 networked PCs at my house of which one has a barcode scanner. At college there is a large number of networked PCs for pupils use.Intel Pentium 4 processor Processor Speed 2. 0 GHz All 5 of the PCs that I have available to me at my house are all the same. (see above) 4. 2 Software The software that the user has available is Microsoft Windows 95 pro edition with Office 95 and all relevant software for the barcode scanners and for the tele-book ordering. What I have available to use is Microsoft XP professional with Office 2000 which has excel, which Im using to create the new spreadsheet program 4. 3 Users IT skills and knowledge I feel that the users ICT knowledge and skills are limited to what they can do.They are inexperienced in computer use and therefore they have not developed, becau se of this there will need to be a basic and informative and self-explanatory interface. I think that the interface will need to be bold and relevant to the tasks. The user manual will have basic information in using the system as well as a trouble shooting section. 1. Consideration of a possible antecedent There are many different packages that I could use to create an accounts program there is Sage Line100, which is widely used in large company businesses. There is also Microsoft own Excel, which is widely used, in smaller businesses.I am going to use excel to create the program because it is the most unremarkably available and is therefore the best choice to use. I think that it is also the easiest to use out of the two because many people use the program already and have a basic knowledge of the program already and how it works. It is also a lot clearer to see than the basic graphics of Line100. there is also the solecism that Excel is cheaper to buy than a copy of Sage Line1 00. at i 250, Line100 is rather too expensive for a small company. I feel that with the cheaper, only i 89. 99 Excel they will have a better deal on their hands.

Poems “Rainbow” and “Tyger” Essay

Examine the similarities and differences in the way Agard & Blake deal with the theme of nature in their songs Rainbow and TygerAgards poem Rainbow portrays the wonder and beauty of a rainbow. Agard is from the Caribbean and he uses some examples of this dialect in his poem, which reflects his background. On the other drop dead, Blakes poem Tyger describes the nature of the tiger and how it is so decently in different ways. Blake tries to portray the majesty of the tiger and how talented his creator must have been.In Agards poem Rainbow, he tries to convey that the rainbow in the sky is actually Gods bright smile shining above us. The line one big smile across the sky tells us this. When Agard says in this poem, And de rainbow make a show it is possible he means that the rainbow appears after there is rain. When he states in the poem, I tell you is God doing oblivion he reflects his Caribbean background. There are two possible interpretations for this line. Agard could possibly m ean that God is doing limbo, an activity in which people would try to bend backwards chthonian a pole, not hitting it as they go under. Or he could also mean limbo, a place between heaven and hell, which you are stuck in. The Catholic Church used to teach that limbo existed and that while in limbo, you cannot move on to heaven or hell.Agard says in the poem, And curving, like she bearing child which tells us that the way the rainbow curves, looks like God is pregnant with a baby. Agard uses repetition by stating a number of times throughout the poem, she/he got style, meaning God, whether male person or female, has got style. Agard could possibly be trying to say that the colours of the rainbow show Gods style because the rainbow is so colourful and full of glow.In Blakes The Tyger, Blakes spelling in the title The Tyger at once suggests the exotic or alien quality of the beast. Blake tries to show the tiger as a symbol of Gods power in creation. In this poem the tiger is being add ressed presently. Blake queries the tiger in the first stanza, What immortal hand or eye, could frame thy fearful symmetry? Like this, Blake questions the tiger some what kind of person could possibly have had the power to make a cock like him throughout the poem.In the second stanza, Blake questions, In what distant deeps or skies, burnt the fire of thine eyes? meaning, who in the deep seas or the skies above could pull in eyes, burning bright such as the tigers? He asks himself On what wings dare he aspire? which shows Blake wants to know on what wings this person soars as he couldnt possibly have made the tiger as he is. And what shoulder, and what artifice, Could twist the sinews of thy heart? Blake asks the tiger in these two lines, what shoulder and what art could combine the strength or power of his heart. Blake questions the tiger nearly what fears the tigers hand and foot when his heart began to beat, as the tigers paws are so powerful and heavy.The tiger is fearless and full of terror as portrayed in the fourth stanza, in the line Dare its deadly terrors clasp?The line, which states, When the stars threw pass their spears and watered heaven with their tears could possibly be referring to people years ago who would have used spears instead of guns or other modern sidereal day weapons. Blake equivalences the tiger with a lamb in this poem. The line, Did he smile His work to see? Did he who made the lamb make thee? tells us that Blake is asking the tiger if the person who made him, so fierce, predatory and active, also make the vulnerable, harmless lamb. By the lamb, Blake could mean Jesus, the Lamb of God.These two poems have a lot of similarities in the way Agard and Blake deal with the theme of nature in their poems Rainbow and Tyger, but they also have a lot of differences. The similarities in these poems include the interest in religion. In both these poems, the poets show that religion is an important factor in their lives by including a God in their poems.Blake shows religion in The Tyger when he talks about the tigers creator. Agard shows religion in Rainbow, stating God got style and the different ways the rainbow reminds him of God. Both the poems are expressing great interest in God and his creations and how howling(prenominal) God must be to make such extraordinary and powerful things. In the poems Rainbow and The Tyger, the poets explain these amazing acts of nature and describe what they look like and compare them to various things, such as a lamb or a pregnant woman. Blake and Agard both use significant repetition in their poems, such as The man got style in Rainbow and the first and last stanzas in The Tyger.The differences in these two poems includes the way that Blake describes the appearance, the strength and the creator of the tiger whereas Agard only describes what he thinks the rainbow looks like. Blake speaks directly to the tiger in his poem but Agard is speaking to his audience when he is writin g the poem Rainbow.In the poem The Tyger, Blake asks the tiger about who made him and about how powerful the tiger is. Agards poem reflects his Caribbean background by using shortened sentences and words like de instead of the. Agard wrote Rainbow in 1985, which explains to us why Agard doesnt speak in the Middle side of meat language as Blake does in The Tyger. Blake wrote The Tyger in 1794 and we can see this by the way he uses the Middle English language with words such as, thy and thine.These are the differences and similarities in the way Agard and Blake deal with the theme of nature in their poems Rainbow and Tyger. These poets had such different lifestyles to each other and yet, in their poetry, theres still so many hidden similarities.

Green Mountain Resort (Dis)Solves the Turnover Problem

CSU-Global Campus Organizational Innovation and Change 1. Which of the six change pics discussed in this chapter give the axe be identified in the assumptions round managing disturbance that were held by Gunter In the beginning Gunter was taking more of an image of change as a director as he identified derangement as a difficulty and essay to problem solve around this issue. As the story progressed Gunters He in like manner became a mentor for began to change with the assistance of the consultant to more of a Coaching role as his revive became the training ground that otherwise resorts looked for when hiring associates.He also became a mentor for others who were want training in providing excellent service in the hospitality industry The hospitality literature The literature played a role of navigator as it identified turnover as a chronic problem that the industry endures and made several suggestions on how one can help reduce the effects. The consultant The consultan t played the role of the interpreter as he was able to interpret the problem of turnover and how he was able to change the lieu of Gunter in a way that dissolved the problem. Instead of a problem turnover instead, became a way that the resort could use as a way to conjure up talent. . How did these assumptions influence prescriptions for hatfuling with the turnover problem? Each of these assumptions influenced prescriptions for dealing with turnover. For example, Gunter only(prenominal) seemed to make the problem worse when he played the Director when he attempted to solve turnover as a problem, however, when he changed his perspective he ultimately became the coach and cancelled the problem into an advantage. The hospitality literature was the navigator as it defined turnover as a problem that was considered chronic and nearthing that must be endured in the industry.Its prescription for dealing with the problem included streamlining training, simplifying jobs and devising t he HR process more efficient. (Palmer, 2009). The consultant role of interpreter actu wholey helped Gunter view turnover as an opportunity he could benefit from by licentiousness it as a problem and seeing its positive effects to the organization. 3. Choose another change image and apply it to the turnover problem. To what new-fashioned insights does it lead? another(prenominal) change image to apply to the turnover problem could be to try to avoid the problem all to spoilher by offering less services, outsourcing some work i. . reservations and to hire contract workers for tasks that required physical presence. The new insight would lead to the need for less workers needed to be employed physically on the property and acknowledge contractual ties which includes the foreseen departure and therefore could have allowed the organization to strategically plan for new recruits. Although this new insight may have helped deal with turnover it would have created a new problem of deliver ing top class service to its guests and could have the potency to negatively affect the organization. 4.What conclusions do you draw from this about the statement at the start of the chapter that if we only draw upon one particular frame, then this go forth pick out us away from thinking about what is firing on from an alternative perspective? The conclusion that I draw from the statement at the beginning of the chapter of if we only draw upon one particular frame, then this will take us away from thinking about what is going on from an alternative perspective is that we get different suggestions on solving a problem or even identifying a situation as a problem depending on the perspective that we take.It is also helpful to get others opinion to your current perspective to understand if there is a different approach one should take when dealing with the situation. In this faux pas study it was interesting to see how the owner, literature border the industry and an individual w ith no experience in the industry all had different perspectives of how to deal with turnover. quote Palmer, I. D. (2009). Managing Organizational Change A Multiple Perspectives flack . Boston Mc Graw Hill .Green Mountain Resort (Dis)Solves the Turnover ProblemCSU-Global Campus Organizational Innovation and Change 1. Which of the six change images discussed in this chapter can be identified in the assumptions about managing turnover that were held by Gunter In the beginning Gunter was taking more of an image of change as a Director as he identified turnover as a problem and attempted to problem solve around this issue. As the story progressed Gunters He also became a mentor for began to change with the help of the consultant to more of a Coaching role as his resort became the training ground that other resorts looked for when hiring associates.He also became a mentor for others who were seeking training in providing excellent service in the hospitality industry The hospitality lit erature The literature played a role of navigator as it identified turnover as a chronic problem that the industry endures and made several suggestions on how one can help reduce the effects. The consultant The consultant played the role of the interpreter as he was able to interpret the problem of turnover and how he was able to change the perspective of Gunter in a way that dissolved the problem. Instead of a problem turnover instead, became a way that the resort could use as a way to recruit talent. . How did these assumptions influence prescriptions for dealing with the turnover problem? Each of these assumptions influenced prescriptions for dealing with turnover. For example, Gunter only seemed to make the problem worse when he played the Director when he attempted to solve turnover as a problem, however, when he changed his perspective he ultimately became the coach and turned the problem into an advantage. The hospitality literature was the navigator as it defined turnover as a problem that was considered chronic and something that must be endured in the industry.Its prescription for dealing with the problem included streamlining training, simplifying jobs and making the HR process more efficient. (Palmer, 2009). The consultant role of interpreter actually helped Gunter view turnover as an opportunity he could benefit from by dissolving it as a problem and seeing its positive effects to the organization. 3. Choose another change image and apply it to the turnover problem. To what new insights does it lead? Another change image to apply to the turnover problem could be to try to avoid the problem all together by offering less services, outsourcing some work i. . reservations and to hire contract workers for tasks that required physical presence. The new insight would lead to the need for fewer workers needed to be employed physically on the property and acknowledge contractual ties which includes the foreseen departure and therefore could have allowed t he organization to strategically plan for new recruits. Although this new insight may have helped deal with turnover it would have created a new problem of delivering top class service to its guests and could have the potential to negatively affect the organization. 4.What conclusions do you draw from this about the statement at the start of the chapter that if we only draw upon one particular frame, then this will take us away from thinking about what is going on from an alternative perspective? The conclusion that I draw from the statement at the beginning of the chapter of if we only draw upon one particular frame, then this will take us away from thinking about what is going on from an alternative perspective is that we get different suggestions on solving a problem or even identifying a situation as a problem depending on the perspective that we take.It is also helpful to get others opinion to your current perspective to understand if there is a different approach one should ta ke when dealing with the situation. In this case study it was interesting to see how the owner, literature surrounding the industry and an individual with no experience in the industry all had different perspectives of how to deal with turnover. Reference Palmer, I. D. (2009). Managing Organizational Change A Multiple Perspectives Approach . Boston Mc Graw Hill .

The impact of hosting the World Expo 2020 on Dubai’s future economic, social and cultural life

entreThis proposal outlines the following research question in what ways, positive or ban, entrust the World expo 2020 affect Dubai, the surrounding region, and the world in generalThis is an interesting topic for two primary reasons. The first is the person-to-person workplace experience of the author, which involved a position at Dubai Media Incorporated (Dubai TV) conducting analysis about flowing affairs in the UAE region. The second is the fact that this is a landmark moment in the history of Dubai, the UAE, and the sum in general, as it is the first time that an international exposition has been held in the region. It is possible that it will poke out to the development of new forms of culture the old may be reformulated and developed in unique ways, merely it may also be f substance abused with ideas and institutions from abroad to create novel cultural hybrids. This idea of manner of speaking regions of the Middle East together with the rest of the world was explici tly supported by Sheikh Mohammed lay in Rashid Al Maktoum, Dubais leader, who argued for the importance of a renewed vision of progress and development based on a sh atomic number 18d purpose and commitment ( expo 2020 Dubai, UAE, 2013). The possibility that the Expo 2020 will be a crucible for interacting creative forces across the world is, moreover, encapsulated in Dubais chosen theme Connecting Minds, Creating the Future (Big News Network, 2013). look into questionsThis research will aim to answer the following questions What factors are likely to contribute to the success or failure of the World Expo 2020?What are the neighborly, economic, and cultural changes that Dubai is a likely to experience?How will be Dubais future in the global stage change as a result of this termination?How might Dubai use the World Expo 2020 as a marketing tool?How might Dubai use the symbolic economy to aid its cultural and urban regeneration and shape its new urban identicalness?Will Expo 2020 commentary and press show Dubai in a positive or negative light?Literature reviewDue to the very recent nature of the announcement, there is almost no literature dealing directly with the relationship between Dubai and the Expo 2020. However, there has been considerable commentary in the form of political and economic punditry, much of which is academic. Piers Schreiber, Vice President of Corporate Communications & Public affairs at the Jumeirah Group, claimed that the Expo will create up to 270,000 jobs in the region, bringing great economic and social benefits (cited in Wilson, 2013). Among these are an injection of roughly 17.7 gazillion into the economy and a migration of talent from abroad (Wilson, 2013). These estimations are supported by the forecasting group Oxford Economics, which claims that the event will contribute nearly $40 billion to Dubais GDP and create 277,000 new jobs over the next seven years (Big News Network, 2013). A similar argument is put forward by Rose a nd Spiegel (2009), whose work suggests that mega events lead to a substantial increase in trade (approx. 30%) however, they also show that unsuccessful bids to host the Olympics absorb a similar positive impact on exportstrade is attributable to the signal a dry land sends when bidding to host the games, rather than the act of actually holding a mega-event (p1). Although Sheik Mohammed has claimed that the Dubai Expo 2020 will breathe new life into the ancient role of the Middle East as a break up pot for cultures and creativity (Big News Network, 2013), the goal of cultural diversity has been questioned due to the strong emphasis on boosting an Islamic economy, which suggests continuity more than change (Wilson, 2013). Based on comparisons with other mega events, it is often argued that the set up of the Expo 2020 are likely to be negative for Dubai. Rose and Spiegel (2009), for example, stress that much of the grounds for the benefits of mega events is commissioned by groups with biasing agendas (e.g., Humphreys and Plummer, 1995 Fuller and Clinch, 2000, both cited in Rose and Spiegel, 2009). The same is argued by Nitsch and Wendland (2013), who also establish to the large initial investment in facilities and infrastructure associated with mega events, which can place a considerable shoot down on the local or national economy there tends also to be a outstanding and unpredictable pitch on property prices. The conclusion of Nitsch and Wendland (2013) is that mega events tend to have an overwhelmingly negative picture on population growth (i.e., a population decline), as measured relative to a view group. However, Nitsch and Wendland (2013), and Rose and Spiegel (2009), point to the difficulty of estimating the impact of major events. Problems quantifying the effects, especially on phenomena such as labour markets, are often exacerbated by the fact that many studies are commissioned ex game by biased groups. Moreover, in conducting analyses such as this, it is difficult to find an adequate sample surface due to the infrequency of mega events. Then there are problems with the intangibility of cultural and social spillover effects, as intumesce as the economic multiplier (Rose and Spiegel, 2009).MethodologyThe effects of the Expo 2020 are best assessed using a variety of methodological approaches, employing both quantitative and qualitative methods. From the quantitative side there will be content analysis-case studies and statistical analyses. From the qualitative, there will be surveys, questionnaires, and interviews. In terms of research philosophy (or methodology, purely speaking), this research will take both an objectivist and a subjectivist approach (Crotty, 1998). It would be advantageous to use what Nitsch and Wendland (2013 4) nominate a difference-in-differences methodology. This draws before and after comparisons, and in this case would entail looking at the effect of former Expos on host nations and cities and extrapolating about the probable effects on Dubai.BibliographyCrotty, M. (1998) The foundation of Social enquiry Meaning and Perspective in Research Progress. Sage Publications London Big News Network (Nov 2013) Dubai wins beneficial to host Expo 2020 http//www.bignewsnetwork.com/index.php/sid/218715287/scat/3a8a80d6f705f8cc/ht/Dubai-wins-right-to-host-Expo-2020 Retrieved 03/02/2014. Nitsch, V. and Wendland, N. (2013) The IOCs Midas Touch Summer Olympics and City Growth, CESIFO WORKING PAPER no(prenominal) 4378, Centre for Economic Studies & Ifo Institute. Expo 2020 Dubai, UAE (2013) Our Bid http//expo2020dubai.ae/en/our_bid Retrieved 03/02/2014 Rose, A. K. and Spiegel, M. M. (2009) The Olympic Effect, NBER Working Paper No. 14854, The field Bureau of Economic Research http//www.nber.org/papers/w14854 Retrieved 03/02/2014.Wilson, J. A. J. (Dec 2013) Global Islamic Economy Summit and World Expo 2020 boost Dubais Halal credentials, The Huffington Post http//www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/ jonathan-aj-wilson/global-islamic-economy_b_4366436.html Retrieved 03/02/2014.

Indonesian Cuisine Conclusion

Ind sensationsian culinary art is diverse, in deduct because Indonesia is composed of approximately 6,000 populated islands of the total 18,000 in the humans vastst archipelago. 1 Many portional cuisines exist, practically based upon cultural and foreign runs. 1 Indonesian cuisine varies greatly by region and has many different influences. 123 Throughout its history, Indonesia has been involved in trade due to its location and indwelling resources. Additionally, Indonesias indigenous techniques and ingredients were influenced by India, the heart East, China, and finally Europe.Spanish and Portuguese traders brought New World produce eventide before the Dutch came to colonize most of the archipelago. The Indonesian islands The Moluccas (Maluku), which be famed as the Spice Islands, as well as contributed to the introduction of innate spices, some(prenominal)(prenominal) as cloves and nutmeg, to Indonesian and global cuisine. Some democratic Indonesian dish outes much( prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as nasi goreng,4 gado-gado,56 sate,7 and soto8 argon ubiquitous in the country and considered as Indonesian national dishes.Sumatran cuisine, for example, often has Middle eastern and Indian influences, featuring curried shopping center and vegetables much(prenominal) as gulai and kari, while Javanese cuisine is more indigenous. 1 The cuisines of Eastern Indonesia argon connatural to Polynesian and Melanesian cuisine. Elements of Chinese cuisine cease be seen in Indonesian cuisine nourishments such as bakmi (noodles), bakso (meat or fish balls), and lumpia (spring rolls) stool been completely assimilated. Some popular dishes that originated in Indonesia are now common across much of Southeast Asia.Indonesian dishes such as satay, beef rendang, and sambal are in any case favoured in Malaysia and Singapore. Soy-based dishes, such as variations of tofu (tahu) and tempe, are as well very popular. Tempe is regarded as a Javanese invention, a local adaptation of soya bean-based nutrition fermentation and production. An different fermented food is oncom, similar in some ways to tempe but using a change of bases (not only soy), created by different fungi, and particularly popular in West Java.Indonesian meals are ordinarily eaten with the combination of a spoon in the right mess and fork in the left hand (to push the food onto the spoon), although in many move of the country, such as West Java and West Sumatra, it is in like manner common to eat with ones hands. In restaurants or households that commonly use bare hands to eat, want in seafood foodstalls, traditional Sundanese and Minangkabau restaurants, or East Javanese pecel lele (fried wolffish with sambal) and ayam goreng (fried chicken) food stalls, they usually serve kobokan, a bowl of tap piss supply with a slice of spread out in it to give a fresh scent.This bowl of water should not to be consumed, however it is utilize to wash ones hand before and a fter eating. Eating with chopsticks is generally only prime in food stalls or restaurants serving Indonesian adaptations of Chinese cuisine, such as bakmie or mie ayam (chicken noodle) with pangsit (wonton), mie goreng (fried noodles), and kwetiau goreng (fried flat sift noodles). Contents hide 1 Rice 2 Other fixs 3 Vegetables 4 Meat and fish 5 Spices and other flavorings 6 Peanut sauce 7 Coconut take out 8 Regional dishes unknown influences 10 Influence A blanket(a) 11 Meal Times 12 Feasts Tumpeng and Rijsttafel 13 Non-alcoholic Beverages 14 soaking beverages 15 Snacks and street food 16 Fruits 17 Health and hygiene 18 See too 19 References 20 External links editRice Main article Rice production in Indonesia exploitation water buffalo to plough rice fields in Java Rice is a staple for all classes in contemporary Indonesia is the worlds third largest paddy rice producer and its cultivation has transformed much of Indonesias ornament.Rice is a staple for all classes in cont emporary Indonesia,29 and it holds the central coiffure in Indonesian culture it shapes the landscape is sold at markets and is served in most meals both as a naughty and a sweet food. The importance of rice in Indonesian culture is demonstrated through the idolise of Dewi Sri, the rice goddess of ancient Java and Bali. Traditionally the agricultural cycles linked to rice cultivations were celebrated through rituals, such as Seren Taun rice harvest festival.Rice is most often eaten as plain rice with just a few protein and vegetable dishes as side dishes. It is also served, however, as nasi uduk (rice cooked in coco palm milk), nasi kuning (rice cooked with coconut milk and turmeric), ketupat (rice steamed in woven packets of coconut fronds), lontong (rice steamed in banana leaves), intip or rengginang (rice crackers), desserts, vermicelli, noodles, arak beras (rice wine), and nasi goreng (fried rice). 10 Nasi goreng is ubiquitous in Indonesia and considered as national dish. 4 Rice was only incorporated into pabulums, however, as either the technology to receive it or the ability to buy it from elsewhere was gained. Evidence of wild rice on the island of Sulawesi dates from 3000 BCE. Evidence for the earlier cultivation, however, comes from eighth century stone inscriptions from the central island of Java, which show kings levied taxes in rice. The images of rice cultivation, rice barn, and mouse fella investing a ricefield is evident in Karmawibhanga bas-reliefs of Borobudur.Divisions of labour between men, women, and animals that are still in place in Indonesian rice cultivation, were carved into relief friezes on the ninth century Prambanan temples in fundamental Java a water buffalo attached to a plough women planting seedlings and pounding cereal and a man carrying sheaves of rice on each end of a pole across his shoulders (pikulan). In the sixteenth century, Europeans visiting the Indonesian islands saw rice as a new prestige food served to the aristocracy during ceremonies and feasts. 9 Rice production in Indonesian history is linked to the development of iron tools and the vapidity of Wild Asian Water Buffalo as water buffalo for cultivation of fields and spread for fertilizer. Rice production requires exposure to the sun. Once covered in dense forest, much of the Indonesian landscape has been gradually cleared for permanent fields and settlements as rice cultivation developed over the last fifteen hundred years. 9 editOther staples Papeda, staple food of eastern Indonesia, served with yellow soup and grilled mackerel.Other staple foods in Indonesia include a number of starchy tubers such as yam, sweet potato, potato, taro and cassava also starchy fruit such as breadfruit and jackfruit and grains such as maize and wheat. A sago congee called Papeda is a staple food particularly in Maluku and Papua. Sago is also often mixed with water and cooked as a simple pancake. Next to sago, people of eastern Indonesia also cons ume various smorgasbord of wild tubers as staple food. Many types of tubers such as talas (a type of taro but large and more bland) and breadfruit are native to Indonesia, while others are introduced from elsewhere.Wheat, the base ingredient for bread and noodles were plausibly introduced from India or China yam was introduced from Africa while maize, potato, sweet potato, cassava and maize were introduced from Americas through Spanish influence and finally reached Java in 17th century. Cassava is usually boiled, steamed, fried or processed as popular snack kripik singkong (cassava crackers). Dried cassava, locally known as tiwul, is an alternate staple food in arid areas of Java such as Gunung Kidul and Wonogiri, while other roots and tubers are eaten especially in hard times.Maize is eaten in drier regions such as Madura and islands east of the Wallace Line, such as the Lesser Sunda Islands. editVegetables Indonesian food includes many vegetables as ingredients like this Sayur oyong made with Luffa acutangula A number of leaf vegetables are widely utilize in Indonesian cuisine, such as kangkung, spinach, genjer, melinjo, papaya and cassava leaves. These are often sauteed with garlic. Spinach and corn are apply in simple clear watery vegetable soup sayur bayam bening flavoured with temu kunci, garlic and shallot.Other vegetables like labu air (calabash), labu siam (chayote), kelor, ka green goddessg panjang (yardlong bean), terung (eggplant), gambas and belustru, are cut and used in stir fries, curries and soups like sayur asem, sayur lodeh or laksa. Sayur sop is cabbage, cauliflower, potato, carrot, with macaroni spiced with black pepper, garlic and shallot in chicken or beef broth. The similar mixed vegetables are also stir fried as cap cai, a popular dish of the Chinese Indonesian cuisine. Vegetables like kecipir (winged bean), tomato, mentimun (cucumber) and the small variety of peria (bitter melon) are commonly eaten raw, like in lalab.The large bit ter melon variety is usually boiled. kecombrang and papaya flower buds are a common Indonesian vegetable. Urap is seasoned and spiced rupture coconut meat mixed in concert with vegetables, asinan betawi are preserved vegetables. Gado-gado and pecel are a salad of boiled vegetables dressed in a peanut-based spicy sauce, while karedok is its raw version. editMeat and fish Rendang daging, a beef, mutton or goat meat dish cooked with coconut milk The main meat source diet mostly are poultry and fish, however meats such as beef, water buffalo, goat and mutton are commonly found in Indonesian marketplaces.The most common poultry consumed is chicken and duck, however to a lesser amount, pigeon and wild migrating sea bird are also consumed. As a country with an Islamic majority, Indonesian Muslims follows the Islamic halal dietary law which forbids the consumption of pork. However in other parts of Indonesia where there are signifi chamberpott numbers of non-Muslims, boar and pork are co mmonly consumed. Dishes made of non-halal meats arouse be found in provinces such as Bali, sum Sumatra, northeast Sulawesi, East Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, West Papua, Papua, and also in Chinatowns in major Indonesian cities.Today to cater for the larger Muslim market, most of the restaurants and eating establishments in Indonesia put halal signs that signify they neither serve pork nor use lard in their cooking. The meat can be cooked in rich spices and coconut milk such as beef, goat or lamb rendang, skewered, seasoned and grilled chicken or mutton as satay, barbecued meats, or chopped and cooked in rich broth soup as soto. Muttons and various offals can be use as ingredients for soto soup or gulai curry.In Bali, with its Hindu majority, the babi guling (pig roast) is popular among locals as well as non-Muslim visitors, while the Batak people of North Sumatra have babi panggang that is a similar dish. The meat also can be processed to be thinly-sliced and alter as dendeng (jerky) , or made into abon (meat floss). Dendeng celeng is Indonesian dried, jerked boar meat. 11 As an archipelagic nation, seafood is abundant and commonly consumed especially by Indonesian resides in coastal areas. Popular seafood in Indonesian cuisine among others mackerel, tuna, wahoo, milkfish, red snapper, anchovy, cuttlefish, shrimp, crab and mussel.Seafood is commonly consumed across Indonesia, but it is especially popular in Maluku islands and Minahasa (North Sulawesi) cuisine. Seafood are usually being bakar (grilled), rebus (boiled) or goreng (fried). However another method of cooking like stir fried in spices or in soup is also possible. Ikan asin (salted fish) is preserved seafood through cured in salt, it is also can be found in Indonesian market. Fresh water fisheries can be found in inland region or area with large rivers or lakes. Popular fresh water fish among others carp, gourami, snakehead, tilapia, catfish and pangasius. editSpices and other flavorings Sambal ulek, a common Indonesian spicy condiment. Rempah is Indonesian word for spice, while bumbu is the Indonesian word for spices categorisation or seasoning, and it commonly appears in the names of certain spice mixtures, sauces and seasoning pastes. 12 Known throughout the world as the Spice Islands, the Indonesian islands of Maluku contributed to the introduction of its native spices to world cuisine. Spices such as pala (nutmeg/mace), cengkeh (clove), and laos (galangal) are native to Indonesia.It is likely that lada hitam (black pepper), kunyit (turmeric), sereh (lemongrass), bawang merah (shallot), kayu manis (cinnamon), kemiri (candlenut), ketumbar (coriander), and asam jawa (tamarind) were introduced from India, while jahe (ginger), daun bawang (scallions) and bawang putih (garlic) were introduced from China. Those spices from mainland Asia were introduced early, in ancient times, thus they became integral ingredients in Indonesian cuisine. In ancient times, the kingdom of Sunda and t he later sultanate of Banten were well known as the worlds major producers of black pepper.The maritime empires of Srivijaya and Majapahit also benefited from the lucrative spice trade between the spice islands with China and India. Later the Dutch East India high society controlled the spice trade between Indonesia and the world. The Indonesian fondness for hot and spicy food was enriched when the Spanish introduced cabai jalapeno pepper from the New World to the region in 16th century. After that hot and spicy sambals have become an important part of Indonesian cuisine. 13 Sambal evolved into many variants across Indonesia, ones of the most popular is sambal terasi (sambal belacan) and sambal mangga muda (young mango sambal).Dabu-dabu is North Sulawesi style of sambal with chopped fresh tomato, chili, and lime juice. Traditionally prepared laboriously ground upon stone mortar, straight off sambals is also available as industrial processed products in bottles or jars. Soy sauce is also an important flavorings in Indonesian cuisine. Kecap asin (salty or common soy sauce) was adopted from Chinese cuisine, however Indonesian developed their own kecap manis (sweet soy sauce) with generous addition of palm sugar into soy sauce. dulcet soy sauce is an important marinade for barbecued meat and fish, such as satay and grilled fishes.Sweet soy sauce is also an important ingredient for semur, Indonesian stew. editPeanut sauce Peanut sauce is important part of gado-gado. One of the main characteristics of Indonesian cuisine is the wide application of peanuts in many Indonesian hint dishes, such as satay, gado-gado, karedok, ketoprak, and pecel. Gado-gado and Sate for example have been considered as Indonesian national dishes. 67 Introduced from Mexico by Portuguese and Spanish merchants in 16th century, peanuts assumed a place within Indonesian cuisine as a key ingredient.Peanuts thrived in the tropical environment of Southeast Asia, and today they can be found, ro asted and chopped finely, in many recipes. Whole, halved, or crushed peanuts are used to garnish a variety of dishes, and used in marinades and dipping sauces such as sambal kacang (a mixture of ground chilies and fried peanuts) for otak-otak or ketan. Peanut oil, extracted from peanuts, is one of the most commonly used cooking oils in Indonesia. Bumbu kacang or peanut sauce represents a sophisticated, perfect(a) seasoning rather than a sweet, gloppy sauce. 14 It should have a delicate balance of savoury, sweet, sour, and spicy flavours, compassd from various ingredients, such as fried peanuts, gula jawa (coconut sugar), garlic, shallots, ginger, tamarind, lemon juice, lemongrass, salt, chilli, peppercorns, sweet soy sauce, ground together and mixed with water to form the right consistency. The secret to good peanut sauce is not too thick and not too watery. Indonesian peanut sauce tends to be less sweet than the Thai version, which is a cross adaptation. Gado-gado is a popular dish particularly associated with bumbu kacang, and is eaten across Indonesia. editCoconut milk Shredding coconut flesh to make coconut milk. Coconuts are abundant in tropical Indonesia, and since ancient times Indonesians developed many and various uses for this plant. The broad use of coconut milk in dishes throughout the archipelago is another common characteristic of Indonesian cuisine. It is used in recipes ranging from savoury dishes such as rendang, soto, sayur lodeh, gudeg, and opor ayam to desserts such as es cendol and es doger. Soto is ubiquitous in Indonesia and considered as one of Indonesias national dishes. 8 The use of coconut milk is not exclusive to Indonesian cuisine. It can also be found in Indian, Samoan, Thai, Malaysian, Filipino, and Brazilian cuisines. Nonetheless, the use of coconut milk is quite across-the-board in Indonesia, especially in Minangkabau cuisine, although in Minahasan (North Sulawesi) cuisine, coconut milk is generally absent, except in Mi nahasan cakes and desserts such as klappertart. In Indonesian cuisine, two types of coconut milk are found, thin coconut milk and thick coconut milk. The difference depends on the water and oil content.Thin coconut milk is usually used for soups such as sayur lodeh and soto, while the thicker variety is used for rendang and desserts. It can be made from freshly shredded coconut meat in traditional markets, or can be found processed in cartons at the supermarket. After the milk has been extracted from the shredded coconut flesh to make coconut milk, the ampas kelapa (leftover coconut flesh) can still be used in urap, seasoned and spiced shredded coconut meat mixed together with vegetables. Leftover shredded coconut can also be cooked, sauteed and seasoned to make serundeng, approximately powdery sweet and spicy finely shredded coconut.Kerisik paste, added to thicken rendang, is another use of coconut flesh. To acquire a rich taste, some households insist on using freshly shredded co conut, instead of leftover, for urap and serundeng. Serundeng can be mixed with meat in dishes such as serundeng daging (beef serundeng) or sprinkled on top of other dishes such as soto or ketan (sticky rice). An example of the heavy use of coconut is Buras from Makassar, rice wrapped in banana leaf cooked with coconut milk and sprinkled with powdered coconut similar to serundeng.

Cultural Insularity

River Faller developed contiguous the Indus river In the middle east Mesopotamia= developed between the Tells and Euphrates River Elms and Chapin= both help develop the Mayans and the Incas Empire Pastoralist originally the tending of animals= provided food and hides provided clothes and shelter Nomads= herding the animals from virtuoso place to an other Helped spread ideas= would trade with near civilizations/settlements The Peopling of the Earth Europe= one of the beginning areas to start populating Asia= the next area to be populatedSouth & Central the States= the final area to be peopled through the Bearing land bridge Art genus Venus Figurines- used for the worshipping of women belief In fertility oracle Bones- where questions were written on them in which they were used to ask over answers from deities in Sang dynasty Code of Hamburg= law codes to help control civilians in Mesopotamia Other Names no(prenominal) Accurate time span 500 B. C. E to ACE Top five Monotheistic r ighteousness a. Judaism- Major In the Mediterranean Jesus was Jewish, Jesus dad was god, therefore they worshipped god. They worshipped one god. A god. THE god.Yaw b. Zoroastrian Major in The Persian Empire. It was a quasi monotheistic religion, however, there were other gods that they believed had a little amount of power that are bad. But they mostly worshiped ONE god. C. Christianity Major in the roman letters Empire, it persisted in Roman pudding stone despite resistance by Romans Empires Roman- large empire with borders which subvert across different ethnicities/beliefs. Han- attempted centralized gobo with heavy dependency on silk road. Collapsed due to the inability to delay the development of factions in government in court that reverted a centralized gobo.Persia- state organized in satrapies, religiously tolerant (Cyrus the Great). Great transportation and communication Murrain- fighting BTW regional kingdoms,united by Marry dynasty(Osaka) Guppy-After the Marry,fell t o washrag Hung,regional governors Long distance trade Silk Road- Located in East Asia traded spices, porcelain and other goods along trade routes Indian Ocean Basin- Connected all of the Mediterranean countries with India and South East Asia Trans- Sahara Trade- connected all of the Sahara AfricaPersian Royal roadstead and post office Prone to governmental decline Patriarchal society China -footslogging in China- showed the womanly dependency on men Confucius roles of women India -Inhabitant, Ramadan portrayed women as weak-willed and emotional exalted women who served their husbands devotedly Rome Pater familial roman law that invested authority in the head of the household. Constantinople -Women withdrawn from public festivities fear of compromise of recognize Islamic Empire Women increasingly covered couldnt leave house without male attendant of the family.An Age of breed Cultural Interaction Post Classical Era Time pennon 600 CE to 1450 -rope 5 tendency BOB trade systems Spread technology such as gunpowder, paper and the printing press Allowed the makeup of economies based mostly on trade, instead of agriculture Spread cultural traditions such as Islam, Buddhism and Christianity Byzantium Schism- Roman Catholic/Eastern Orthodox Constantinople major center of trade and silk production Suffered the fate of most empires got too big and eventually disintegrated Islam Started in Arabia spread to Mesopotamia, Africa, Mediterranean.Muslim Merchants/ Suffix spread Islam all over the world range lands such as India, Anatolia Mongols Pox Mongolia After their conquests were over, they integrated the world into a single empire and promote trade so that cultural interaction spread exponentially. Because of their culturally integrated empire and the peace they spread, the bubonic plague spread quickly and was drastic towards the worlds population Emphasized religious tolerance Cultural boom Renaissance in Western Europe, a period of cultural flourishing and r evival of Greece-Roman tradition Islam a boom in artwork, medicine, mathematics, humanities, science and logic as well as the translation of Greek literary works/philosophy Tang Golden Age Early Modern Era Other Name The Origins of ball-shaped Interdependence Accurate time-span 1500-1800 1 . Religious Controversy Protestant/ Catholic Reformations Schism in Russian church Spanish Inquisition 2. Scientific Revolution/ Enlightenment New ideas on the interpretation of the world- Galileo, Isaac normality Adam Smiths introduction of capitalism Theory of Progress 3.Nations becoming closed off to outside influences (Cultural Insularity) Borrowed technology, scarcely werent open to political or cultural influences Only exception is Russia westernizes under Peter & Catherine the Great Ottomans, japan 4. State Building Unification of Japan under Outgas Baku Europeans attempt to revive the Carolingian empire with the Holy Roman Empire Islamic Empires Ottomans, Savvied & Mussels 5. Trans-oceanic voyages James Cook exploration of New Zealand, Australia & Hawaii Christopher capital of Ohio Columbian Exchange

John Maynard Keynes, the Father of Modern Theoretical Economics Essay

keister Maynard Keynes (5 June 1883 21 April 1946), a British economist cognize also as the father of modern theoretical sparings, had made a great impact on contemporary economic as well as political theory. His ideas were tapped by governments for their fiscal policies. He is most well known on his interventionist policy when it comes to fiscal and monetary measures, specifically, to mitigate the undesirable effect of recessions, depressions, and even booms.An article from magazine magazine on the 100 Most Important People of the Century, contend that his radical idea that governments should die money they dont have may have saved capitalism (Reich, no date). As an economist, his first share of international fame was when he was selected as a delegate of the Paris Peace league of 19181919. It was during this conference that the victors of the foundation War 1 (specifically, Woodrow Wilson, Georges Clemenceau, and David Lloyd George) imposed war reparations on Germany. Keynes held his tongue during the conference hardly let out a roar as soon as he returned to England (Reich, no date).He wrote a bear entitled The Economic Consequences of Peace. He wrote that the Germans would not be able to pay the victors. He called Wilson a blind, deaf Don Quixote, Clemenceau a xenophobe with one illusion France, and one disillusion mankind, and Lloyd George a goat-footed bard, this half-human visitor to our age from the hag-ridden magic and enchanted woods of Celtic antiquity. Keynes predicted that the reparations demanded by the victors would keep Germany devoid and might ultimately threaten the neighboring countries if not all of Europe (Reich, no date).And we know that he is indeed right as if it was a prophecy. The book sold almost a hundred gibibyte copies on that period. But it was only later on after three decades that the real effect of his treatise was felt. after the end of World War II, both US and Britain (as victors of the war) remembered Keynes a dmonition. The best way to attain a unchangeable peace is by helping the vanquished start all over again public investing to reach trading partners and building solid democracies (like n the case of Germany, Italy, and Japan during that war Reich, no date).Keynes founded that branch of economic science that is termed macroeconomics today. This is his greatest influence in the history of economics. This actually came from a book he wrote during the depths of the Great Depression. The book was called The general theory of employment, interest and money (published on 1936). The idea is pretty much easy to translate Governments should not leave the market alone when, and especially, the saving is running slow (interventionist policy of the government).It is during periods of dull economy or recession that markets are saturated and businesses either do not invest or cut out their investment. Such situation, according to Keynes, is a prologue for a very dangerous cycle little inve stment, fewer jobs, less consumption and even less reason for business to invest (Keynes, in Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia). In 1942, John Maynard Keynes was raised to the House of Lords and was accord the title Baron Keynes of Tilton, County of Sussex.Keynes played a crucial role in the negotiations that transpired in the creation of the Bretton Woods system (the system/conference that created the World depose, International Monetary Fund, and the World Trade Organization, as we know it today). He was the head of the British Commission and the chairman of the World Bank Commission. He was the brainchild behind the management of currencies between and among countries. He advocated the creation of a world primaeval bank, the International Clearing Union, that will be responsible for the common world currency unit (Reich, no date Keynes, in Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia).

Blod Bank

BLOOD BANK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM software governance Requirements Specification 3rd Feb 2013 Prepared for BLOOD BANK Table of Contents Revision Historyii Document Approvalii 1. Introduction1 1. 1 Purpose1 1. 2 Scope1 1. 3 Definitions, Acronyms, and Abbreviations1 1. 4 References1 1. 5 Overview1 2. General Description2 2. 1 Product Perspective2 2. 2 Product Functions2 2. 3 substance ab recitationr Characteristics2 2. 4 General Constraints2 2. 5 Assumptions and Dependencies2 3. Specific Requirements2 3. 1 External Interface Requirements3 3. 1. 1 User Interfaces3 3. 1. 2 Hardware Interfaces3 3. 1. 3 Software Interfaces3 3. 2 Functional Requirements3 . 2. 1 3 3. 2. 2 3 3. 5 Non-Functional Requirements4 3. 5. 1 Performance4 3. 5. 2 Reliability4 3. 5. 3 on tap(predicate)ness4 3. 5. 4 Security4 4. Analysis Models4 4. 1 Sequence Diagrams5 4. 3 selective information Flow Diagrams (DFD)5 4. 2 State-Transition Diagrams (STD)5 1. Introduction This SRS provides requirements and proposed solution o f the roue Bank Management body used in job banks. This software works in a Client Server environment with the server storing the data and clients connecting to the server for in altogether types of transactions.It depart explain the resolve and features of the carcass, the interfaces of the remains, what the frame leave do, the constraints under which it must operate, particularised requirements and other supporting information. This papers is think for two the s publicationholders and the developers of the system. This chronicle is intended for developers, project coordinator, project guide, drug substance abusers and testers. The developer cornerstone use the document to view the analysis and design part, to understand requirements spec. The project coordinator push aside use this document to review the idea of project whether it is innovative and usable or not.The project guide can use this document to analyze and manage the flow of project development. The tester can use this document to cut clear idea about system, to understand the exact input domain of system and to generate single test cases for the scrutiny purpose. 1. 1 Purpose This Software Requirements Specification provides a complete explanation of wholly the functions and specifications of the Blood bank Management body software. The purpose of this document is to present a detailed description of the Blood Bank System. This document is useful for Blood Bank employees who use this system on the periodical basis.This document leave alone withal serve as a reference to incorporate any changes make in the system to the future. It will excessively prove to be useful to the managerial staff which is invoiceable for the smooth functioning of the counter transactions that are performed on daily basis. This document is primarily intended to provide a detailed specification of the functional requirements for developers of the product. It in addition provides an overview of the product for the users. It will explain the purpose and features of the system, what the systems do and the constraints under which it will operate.This SRS document contains the complete software requirement for Post Office execution System and describes the design decisions, architectural design and the detail design needed to implement the system. It provides the visibility in the design and provides information needed for software support. 1. 2 Scope This software is used by System Administrator, Supervisor, Assistant and Lab technicians. The system is designed to provide user authentication by maintaining the user database which contains all the enlarge of user along with login details such as username and password.Each user has a different aim of operation for the authentication purpose. The solution will provide a well-organized and coordinated system where the declination and giver records are managed more efficiently with better security. The major goal of the system is to provide synchronized and concentrate conferrer and business neckcloth database to the snag bank. It also improves the efficiency of declension phone line management by alerting the blood bank executive director. System will provides traceability of donor in case of emergency. It also provides exercise evaluation using report generation. 1. 3 Definitions, Acronyms, and AbbreviationsThis subsection should provide the definitions of all terms, acronyms, and abbreviations required to properly watch the SRS. This information may be provided by reference to one or more appendixes in the SRS or by reference to other documents. 1. 4 References 1. www. bharatbloodbank. com 2. www. bloodbankindia. com 1. 5 Overview This document contains a brief history and perceptivity into the problem as well as what the system is designed to do, the mise en scene of the solution. It gives a brief abstract of whom the system is targeted at, its capabilities, and its positioning in the device development process.It also explains requirements of the system and also where exactly the user and s entertainholders are placed in the scheme of things. It elaborates on security come ins, hardware and software requirement and also the priorities of various functionalities. The document helps the user to understand the Blood Bank System. The first part of the document provides the purpose, objectives and scope of the proposed system. It includes important definition, the problem statement specify the needed details to avoid any kind of equivocalness from users perspective. The document also states the feature set and capabilities of the system.The document also highlights the feature of proposed system and the advantages over the existing system. The document also highlights the various issues, error handling and the modification to be make in the system. The document is helpful to the user as it gives them opportunities to state what they expect from the system. In a ddition, the hardware specification required for the system is also mentioned. The user can read the document and make sure that his railroad car is equipped to run the system to avoid any inconvenience The user should make use of the document to understand the system better.The rest of this document provides a full description of the project for the blood bank. It lists all the functions performed by the system. It gives the details of individually of the system functions and actions in full for the software developers assistance. It also gives the overview of the problems presently faced by the system and provides solutions for the same. 2. General Description The project deals with the problem of automated management system that is keeping track of the actual amount of blood declension-taking in the blood bank and to minimise human errors.The solution will provide a well-organized and coordinated system for blood bank where the blood and donor records are managed more effic iently with better security and added automation functions in alerting the administrator when the blood quantity is below par direct and about the expired exemplars. In addition, the administrator can also trace back the donor responsible in case of reactive sample in blood transfusion and blood screening result. This system also creates a convenient and paperless environment for the blood bank in managing donors and processing blood stocks.The registration time for old donor is shortened as the records are retrievable from the system. Also the performance evaluation is possible using report generation facility. 2. 1 Product Perspective This system keep the track of all the actual amount of the blood stock in the blood bank to minimize the human errors. 2. 2 Product Functions 1. System will also maintain Blood Stock records and Discard register. 2. System will provide levels of operators for authentication purpose. 3. System will provide an authentication form where the users will fill the details. 4.System will process the request of login. 5. System will check for the entered details in the login database. 6. If the entered username and password are valid then the system will deal entrance money to the user else will display an error message. 7. System will provide five interfaces such as Testing Interface, Blood Stock Interface, Issue Interface, Donor adjustment Interface and Statistics Interface. 8. Donor Registration Interface will stick all the personal and medical details of donor and generate a alone(predicate) id for each donor. 9. If the donor already has an id then will retrieve its details. 10.In Testing Interface, if the results are exacting then discard register is updated with sample details. 11. If the results are negative Blood Stock Repository is updated with sample details. 12. In Blood Stock Interface, system will generate unique base of operations numbers for each product. 13. It will generate alerts when the blood quantity is be low par level and about the expired samples. 14. The System will move expired sample details to discard register and update blood stock deposit. 15. In Issue Repository, system will check blood stock repository for availability. 16. If stocks are in stock(predicate) then system will place an issue order. 7. It will generate a label which includes bag number and details of sample. 18. In Statistics analysis, system will generate various reports. 19. The whole transaction of the blood will be recorded in a system 20. The software will perform the stock management & bill generation. 21. All the transaction of the blood will be updated within a minor(ip) period of time. 22. The software will generate all the annual record of the blood bank.. 23. It will also maintain the record of the blood donor. 24. It will also maintain the record of the rejected blood and the rejection for the blood rejection. 2. User Characteristics The user must have the basic knowledge of the computer system. It is not necessary that the user must have the knowledge of the computer hardware. System administrator, supervisor, assistant and lab technicians. 2. 4 General Constraints * Blood bank employees ,donors 2. 5 Assumptions and Dependencies * The System will not allow any user with hinder username and invalid password. * The system should not provide administrative privilege to any guest. 3. Specific Requirements The systems should satisfy the below accustomed requirements. 1. Operating System Windows XP nonrecreational 2.Database Management System (DBMS) MySQL 5. 0 3. Peer to peer connection. This can be done by connecting both the systems using a cross cable and giving different IP addresses to them. 3. 1 External Interface Requirements System Interfaces The systems should satisfy the below given requirements. 4. Operating System Windows XP Professional 5. Database Management System (DBMS) MySQL 5. 0 6. Peer to peer connection. This can be done by connecting both the systems usi ng a cross cable and giving different IP addresses to them. User Interfaces User type Intended Interaction 1. DONOR REGISTRATION a. New donor b.Regular donor * The system will take all the personal and medical details of donor and generate an unique id for the donor. * The system will take donors id as input, validate it and retrieve all its details including last donations. 2. Administrator Login * This login page will take input as username and password from the administrator * The system will validate the inputs and provide access to the system with more privileges to system and administrator Testing * This will take the input as blood gathering, donor id, date of collection test carried out and its result.If the test results are positive then sample details are moved to discard register otherwise to blood stock repository. Blood stock * It will take all the details of the samples including blood group, its product details, date of collection, date of preparation, date of e xpiry, result of testing and generate a bag number. * It will generate alerts when the blood quantity is below par level and about the expired samples. * The expired sample details are moved to discard register and take from blood stock repository. Issue * It will take input as product name, quantity, blood group and validate it with blood stock repository. If the stock is available then issue order will be placed. * It will generate a label which includes bag number, details of sample etc. Statistics Display page * The administrator has access to this page. It displays all statistical data regarding the various issue orders placed, blood stock repository and testing screening. * Report generation. 3. 5 Non-Functional Requirements Goal To provide authentication to donors. heading 1 Create unique id for donors. a. sham donor personal and medical information for new donors. b. drive unique id for each donor.Objective 2 Process authentication request. a. Accept donor id in c ase of regular donor. b. Retrieve donors profile. Goal To manage Blood Stocks. Objective 1 Process blood stock details. a. Accept product details like collection date, expiry date, blood group etc. b. Generates a unique bag number. Objective 2 Establish connection with Issue interface and testing interface. a. Validate stock details for issue. b. Update blood stock repository after testing is negative. Goal To generate reports and label. Objective 1 To generate report. a.Generate product statistics b. Generate yearly, monthly reports and provide it to the administrator. Objective 1 To generate labels for issue. a. Generate labels for the issue order placed. b. Provide it to the customer along with the date of delivery 3. 5 Non-Functional Requirements 7. 1. 1 Availability * For the customers, the services available are Registration as a donor, placement of issue order. * For the administrator, the services available are Manipulation of databases, change the functionalities prov ided by the system and monthly and yearly reports generation. . 1. 2 Security * This system maintains consistency and security as the blood stock details cant be limited by the administrator or the other user. The system analyses the issue order placed by the customer and accordingly fulfills it. The system will also provide authentication by using username and password. * The donors database will have its own security to prevent unauthorized write/delete access. The donors details will not be disclosed while issuing. 3. 8 Logical Database Requirements The databases used by the system are * Donor database Blood stock database * Discard database * Account database User database The purpose of this database is to stemma the required information of the donors and their ids. This database will be used for traceability of donor. The donors will fill their information while registration. Their certification will be saved in this particular database. Blood Stock database This database is used to maintain blood stock information. It maintains the details of valid samples. Discard database This database is used to store details of blood samples which have to be discarded.This will contain information of expired samples and those samples which reacted positively in testing screening. Accounts database The purpose of this database is to store the account details regarding issue of blood sample and to maintain the history of all the previous transactions. This database will be used by the administrator so that he can calculate the total cost of the issue orders placed. Accessing capabilities 1. Only administrator can set the role of users and their access capabilities 2. No user can access anything outside its accessing capability .